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Los anticuerpos maternos dirigidos a la microbiota protegen a los recién nacidos de las infecciones entéricas
Wen Zheng1, Wenjing Zhao2,3, Meng Wu1
1Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Nature
|January 10, 2020
Resumen
Los anticuerpos IgG naturales de la madre, adquiridos a través de la placenta o la leche materna, protegen a los recién nacidos de la infección enterotoxigénica por Escherichia coli. La microbiota materna induce estos anticuerpos protectores, cruciales para la inmunidad neonatal.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Inmunología
- Microbiología
- Salud neonatal
Sus antecedentes:
- Los anticuerpos maternos son vitales para la protección neonatal contra las infecciones.
- Los mecanismos de inducción de anticuerpos sin exposición previa al patógeno son poco conocidos.
- El Escherichia coli enterotoxígeno es un patógeno entérico significativo que afecta a los recién nacidos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar cómo los anticuerpos IgG maternos naturales protegen a los ratones neonatales de la infección enterotoxigénica por Escherichia coli.
- Determinar el papel de la microbiota materna en la inducción de anticuerpos protectores.
- Para aclarar los mecanismos de transferencia de IgG materna a los recién nacidos.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron ratones neonatales que carecían de capacidad de producción de IgG.
- Administración de anticuerpos maternos a través de la placenta y la leche materna.
- Cachorros adoptados con madres con anticuerpos suficientes y deficientes.
- Los cachorros afectados por Escherichia coli enterotoxígeno.
- Se evaluó la transferencia de IgG a través del receptor Fc neonatal.
Principales resultados:
- Los ratones neonatales que carecían de producción de IgG fueron protegidos por los anticuerpos IgG maternos naturales.
- La IgG derivada de la leche materna fue crucial para la protección contra la infección por E. coli mucosal y sistémica.
- La microbiota comensal materna inducida por IgG reconoce E. coli enterotoxígeno y otras Enterobacteriaceae.
- Los anticuerpos contra una especie comensal de Pantoea confirieron protección contra E. coli en crías.
Conclusiones:
- Los anticuerpos IgG naturales maternos, inducidos por la microbiota comensal, son esenciales para proteger a los recién nacidos contra la E. coli enterotoxígeno.
- La transferencia de IgG a través de la placenta y la leche materna, facilitada por el receptor Fc neonatal, proporciona inmunidad crítica.
- La microbiota materna juega un papel clave en la defensa del huésped mediante la obtención de anticuerpos protectores para los patógenos neonatales.
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