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Cómo las plumas de vuelo se unen para formar un ala de transformación continua
Laura Y Matloff1, Eric Chang1, Teresa J Feo2,3
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|January 18, 2020
Resumen
Las aves
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biomecánica
- Ingeniería bioinspirada
- La aerodinámica
Sus antecedentes:
- Las aves exhiben notables capacidades de transformación de alas, a diferencia de las aeronaves de alas fijas.
- La superposición de plumas y la elasticidad del tejido conectivo son clave para los cambios en la forma plana de las alas de las aves.
- Las estructuras de plumas microscópicas crean un mecanismo único de "Velcro direccional".
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar los mecanismos pasivos que permiten la transformación y la robustez de las alas de las aves.
- Analizar la función de las microestructuras de las plumas para evitar huecos durante la extensión y flexión de las alas.
- Para explorar el potencial de estos principios biológicos para el diseño de aeronaves morphing.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de la superposición de plumas y de la conformidad del tejido conectivo en las alas de las aves.
- Examen microscópico de las microestructuras de las plumas, identificando las características del "Velcro direccional".
- Probando un robot aéreo biohíbrido con plumas para demostrar la función y robustez de las alas de transformación.
Principales resultados:
- El cumplimiento elástico redistribuye pasivamente las plumas durante la transformación del ala.
- Las microestructuras "Velcro direccional" (cilos lobados y ramas enganchadas) se bloquean probabilísticamente para evitar huecos durante la extensión y se desbloquean durante la flexión.
- Las alas de Morphing demostraron robustez a la turbulencia en las pruebas de robots biohíbridos.
- Las microestructuras enganchadas están presentes en la mayoría de las especies de aves, ausentes en los voladores silenciosos.
Conclusiones:
- El cumplimiento elástico pasivo y las microestructuras de plumas de "Velcro direccional" son cruciales para la transformación robusta de las alas de las aves.
- Estos mecanismos biológicos ofrecen un plan para desarrollar aviones avanzados de transformación.
- La ausencia de estas estructuras en los voladores silenciosos se correlaciona con su falta de ruido, lo que sugiere una especialización funcional.
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