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Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

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In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
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The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Halogenation is the addition of chlorine or bromine across the double bond in an alkene to yield a vicinal dihalide. The reaction occurs in the presence of inert and non-nucleophilic solvents, such as methylene chloride, chloroform, or carbon tetrachloride.
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Introduction to Electrophilic Addition Reactions of Alkenes02:24

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The double bond in a simple, unconjugated alkene is a region of high electron density that can act as a weak base or a nucleophile. The filled π orbital (HOMO) of the double bond can interact with the empty LUMO of an electrophile. A bonding interaction occurs when the electrophile attacks between the two carbons; the electrophile then accepts a pair of electrons from the π bond and undergoes addition across the double bond, yielding a single product.
Addition and elimination...
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Catálisis de enlace dual calcógeno-calcógeno

Wei Wang1, Haofu Zhu1, Lei Feng1

  • 1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|January 22, 2020
PubMed
Resumen
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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Química orgánica
  • Química supramolecular
  • Catálisis

Sus antecedentes:

  • El enlace S··O no covalente influye en la estructura de las proteínas.
  • La utilización de fuerzas no covalentes débiles para las reacciones químicas es un desafío.
  • Las reacciones convencionales de Rauhut-Currier necesitan fuertes bases de Lewis.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Desarrollar una estrategia de catálisis de enlace dual calcógeno-calcógeno.
  • Para permitir reacciones de tipo Rauhut-Currier utilizando nuevas interacciones catalíticas.
  • Para lograr la regioselectividad y un mayor alcance del sustrato en la síntesis química.

Principales métodos:

  • Se diseñó una estrategia de catálisis de doble enlace calcógeno-calcógeno.
  • Se emplearon interacciones simultáneas de unión Se·O entre donantes, enona y alcohol.
  • Se aplicó un enfoque de catálisis de unión Se·O doble consecutivo.

Principales resultados:

  • La estrategia de doble enlace calcógeno-calcógeno facilitó con éxito las reacciones de tipo Rauhut-Currier.
  • El método permitió reacciones con sustratos menos reactivos y convencionalmente inaccesibles.
  • La regioselectividad se logró mediante la diferenciación de grupos alquilo a través de enlaces de calógeno.

Conclusiones:

  • El doble enlace calcógeno-calcógeno ofrece un nuevo enfoque catalítico para la síntesis orgánica.
  • Esta estrategia supera las limitaciones de los métodos convencionales para las reacciones de Rauhut-Currier.
  • El enfoque demuestra un control preciso de la reactividad y la selectividad utilizando interacciones débiles.