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Aprender del pasado y considerar el futuro de las sustancias químicas en el medio ambiente
Andrew C Johnson1, Xiaowei Jin2, Norihide Nakada3
1Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK. ajo@ceh.ac.uk.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|January 25, 2020
Resumen
La evaluación de riesgos químicos ambientales ha mejorado en los últimos 40 años debido a una mejor detección y comprensión de los efectos. Sin embargo, la evaluación de los impactos no letales en la vida silvestre y la obtención de fondos para la investigación siguen siendo desafíos importantes.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias del medio ambiente
- Ecotoxicología
- Evaluación del riesgo
Sus antecedentes:
- En más de 40 años, el conocimiento de los peligros químicos ambientales ha avanzado significativamente.
- Los métodos de detección mejorados permiten la medición de sustancias químicas en bajas concentraciones ambientales.
- El reconocimiento de los diversos efectos sobre los organismos y el crecimiento de la experiencia mundial contribuyen a la sensibilización.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar el progreso en la comprensión de los riesgos químicos en el medio ambiente.
- Destacar los desafíos actuales en la evaluación de los efectos no letales de los productos químicos modernos en la vida silvestre.
- Para subrayar las dificultades persistentes en la obtención de recursos para la investigación química ambiental.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de la literatura científica y de los datos históricos sobre el riesgo químico medioambiental.
- Análisis de los avances en química analítica para el seguimiento del medio ambiente.
- Síntesis de los resultados ecotoxicológicos sobre los efectos químicos en los organismos.
Principales resultados:
- Se han logrado avances significativos en la comprensión de la toxicidad aguda y la persistencia de los productos químicos ambientales.
- Los productos químicos modernos están diseñados teóricamente para reducir la persistencia y la bioacumulación.
- El establecimiento de las consecuencias a largo plazo de los efectos químicos no letales en las poblaciones de vida silvestre sigue siendo una brecha de investigación clave.
Conclusiones:
- Si bien las preocupaciones por la toxicidad aguda han disminuido, los efectos sutiles y no letales de los productos químicos contemporáneos plantean un desafío complejo para la vida silvestre.
- La investigación continua es crucial para comprender y mitigar los posibles efectos a nivel de la población.
- La obtención de una financiación adecuada es esencial para abordar los múltiples aspectos de la contaminación química en el medio ambiente.
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