Video Experimental Relacionado
Updated: May 15, 2026
10:25
Generation of Standardized and Reproducible Forebrain-type Cerebral Organoids from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Published on: January 23, 2018
22.1K
El estrés celular en los organoides corticales perjudica la especificación del subtipo molecular
Aparna Bhaduri1,2, Madeline G Andrews1,2, Walter Mancia Leon2
1Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA.
Nature
|January 31, 2020
Resumen
Los organoides cerebrales humanos modelan la corteza cerebral en desarrollo, pero carecen de diversidad celular y maduración celular adecuada. El trasplante de organoides en ratones mejora su precisión para estudiar el desarrollo del cerebro humano.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia
- Biología del desarrollo
- Biología de las células madre
Sus antecedentes:
- Los organoides corticales son cultivos 3D que modelan el desarrollo de la corteza cerebral humana.
- La precisión de estos modelos organoides para recapitular el desarrollo del cerebro humano sigue siendo incierta.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Analizar y comparar los transcriptomas de las células corticales humanas primarias y de los organoides corticales.
- Evaluar la fidelidad de los organoides corticales en el modelo del desarrollo del cerebro humano.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis del transcriptoma unicelular de células corticales humanas a través de etapas y áreas de desarrollo.
- Análisis del transcriptoma de los organoides corticales humanos
- Comparación de perfiles de expresión génica entre las células corticales in vivo y los organoides.
- Evaluación de los defectos organoides después del trasplante en la corteza del ratón.
Principales resultados:
- El desarrollo cortical humano muestra la maduración del progenitor, diversos subtipos celulares y la especificación de la neurona areal.
- Los organoides corticales exhiben amplias clases de células pero carecen de subtipos distintos y de una maduración progenitora adecuada.
- Las firmas moleculares de las áreas corticales aparecen en las neuronas organoides pero no están organizadas espacialmente.
- Los organoides activan las vías de estrés, deteriorando la especificación del tipo celular, pero el trasplante mitiga estos defectos.
Conclusiones:
- Los organoides corticales modelan parcialmente el desarrollo del cerebro humano, pero tienen limitaciones en la diversidad y maduración celular.
- El trasplante en cerebros de ratón puede mejorar la fidelidad organoide y aliviar los defectos relacionados con el estrés.
- Los conjuntos de datos y herramientas desarrollados ofrecen un marco para evaluar y mejorar la precisión de los organoides corticales.
Videos de Conceptos Relacionados
01:58Mechanical Protein Functions
Proteins perform many mechanical functions in a cell. These proteins can be classified into two general categories- proteins that generate mechanical forces and proteins that are subjected to mechanical forces. Proteins providing mechanical support to the structure of the cell, such as keratin, are subjected to mechanical force, whereas proteins involved in cell movement and transport of molecules across cell membranes, such as an ion pump, are examples of generating mechanical force.
01:13Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces
In animal cells, the extracellular matrix allows cells within tissues to withstand external stresses and transmits signals from the outside of the cell to the inside. The extracellular matrix is extensive, and its composition varies between different types of tissues. For example, the reticular fibers and ground substance make up the ECM in loose connective tissue, while collagen and bone minerals make up the ECM of bone tissue.
Anchoring junctions mechanically attach a cell to the...
Anchoring junctions mechanically attach a cell to the...
01:00Cellular Injury I: Introduction
Cellular injury occurs when a cell cannot maintain homeostasis or adapt to stressors such as hypoxia, toxins, or trauma. Depending on severity and duration, injury may be reversible, allowing recovery, or irreversible, leading to cell death.General Mechanisms of Cell InjuryAlthough causes vary, most cellular injuries arise from a few key mechanisms that disrupt essential functions and often amplify one another. Cell survival depends on the extent and balance of these disturbances.ATP depletion...
01:21Cellular Injury II: Classification
Cellular injury is any process that disrupts a cell’s ability to maintain homeostasis, leading to structural or functional changes. It is broadly classified based on etiology (cause) and mechanism of damage.Classification by EtiologyCellular injury may result from several causes. Hypoxic injury happens due to reduced oxygen delivery, most commonly from inadequate blood supply, such as arterial obstruction; for example, coronary artery thrombosis can cause myocardial infarction. Chemical injury...
01:11Cellular Injury IlI: Cellular Death
Cell death is the irreversible loss of cellular structure and function, representing the final stage of severe injury. It plays a key role in both normal physiology and disease.Types of Cell DeathThe two main types are necrosis and apoptosis, though others like necroptosis and pyroptosis also exist.Necrosis:Necrosis is an unregulated form of cell death caused by severe injury such as trauma, toxins, or ischemia. It is characterized by cell swelling, membrane loss, rupture, and leakage of...
01:16Cellular Injury IV: Necrosis
Necrosis is a form of irreversible cell death caused by severe injury such as ischemia, toxins, or trauma. Unlike programmed cell death, it is an uncontrolled, pathological process that typically provokes inflammation in surrounding tissues.Pathophysiologic ChangesNecrosis begins when cells sustain critical damage, leading to swelling of organelles, particularly mitochondria, and rapid ATP depletion. As energy levels decline, membrane ion pumps fail, leading to calcium influx and eventually,...