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Un brote de neumonía asociado con un nuevo coronavirus de probable origen murciélago
Peng Zhou1, Xing-Lou Yang1, Xian-Guang Wang2
1CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
Nature
|February 5, 2020
Resumen
Un nuevo coronavirus, 2019-nCoV, causó una epidemia de síndrome respiratorio agudo severo (SARS) en Wuhan. Este virus está estrechamente relacionado con los coronavirus relacionados con el SARS (SARSr-CoV) que se encuentran en murciélagos y utiliza el mismo receptor de entrada celular.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Virología
- Epidemiología
- La genómica
Sus antecedentes:
- Los brotes de síndrome respiratorio agudo severo (SARS) se han relacionado con los coronavirus de murciélago.
- Investigaciones anteriores indicaron la potencial infectividad humana de algunos coronavirus relacionados con el SARS de murciélagos (SARSr-CoV).
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para identificar y caracterizar un nuevo coronavirus (2019-nCoV) responsable de una epidemia de síndrome respiratorio humano en Wuhan, China.
- Investigar la relación genómica del 2019-nCoV con los coronavirus conocidos y su mecanismo de entrada en las células.
Principales métodos:
- Secuenciación del genoma completo del 2019-nCoV a partir de muestras de pacientes.
- Análisis genómico comparativo con el SARS-CoV y los coronavirus de murciélago.
- Análisis de los dominios proteicos no estructurales conservados.
- Identificación del receptor de entrada en la célula.
Principales resultados:
- La epidemia involucró 2,794 infecciones confirmadas y 80 muertes hasta el 26 de enero de 2020.
- El 2019-nCoV comparte una identidad de secuencia del 79,6% con el SARS-CoV y del 96% con un coronavirus de murciélago a nivel de todo el genoma.
- El análisis de la secuencia de proteínas confirmó que el 2019-nCoV pertenece a la especie SARSr-CoV.
- El virus utiliza la enzima de conversión de angiotensina II (ACE2) como su receptor de entrada celular, similar al SARS-CoV.
- El suero del paciente demostró capacidad de neutralización contra el virus.
Conclusiones:
- El 2019-nCoV es un nuevo SARSr-CoV con una similitud genómica significativa con los coronavirus de murciélago.
- La capacidad del virus para usar ACE2 para entrar en la célula es un factor clave en su patogénesis.
- Comprender el origen y las características del 2019-nCoV es crucial para controlar la epidemia en curso.
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