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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
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Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers01:24

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

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Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
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Characteristics and Nomenclature of Homopolymers01:00

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Homopolymers

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Polymers that are made up of identical monomer units are called homopolymers. Only one repeating unit is involved in the construction of the homopolymer structure. For example, as depicted in Figure 1, polypropylene is a homopolymer constituted of propylene monomers. Here, the only repeating unit in the polymer chain is propylene.
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Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
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Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

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Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
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Polímeros policationados monocristalinos obtenidos por fotopolimerización monocristal a monocristal

Qing-Hui Guo, Manping Jia1, Zhichang Liu2

  • 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|February 5, 2020
PubMed
Resumen

Los investigadores sintetizaron materiales polielectrolíticos monocristalinos con alta conductividad de protones utilizando un nuevo método de fotopolimerización. Este avance permite la creación de materiales robustos y estables para aplicaciones avanzadas.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencias de los materiales
  • Química de los polímeros
  • Química supramolecular

Sus antecedentes:

  • La síntesis eficiente de polímeros iónicos monocristalinos es un desafío.
  • Comprender sus relaciones estructura-propiedad molecular es crucial.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Describir la estructura monocristalina y la conductividad de protones de un polímero policationico (polielectrolito) altamente ordenado.
  • Desarrollar un método de preparación de alto rendimiento a escala de gramos para estos materiales.

Principales métodos:

  • Polimerización topoquímica inducida por la luz ultravioleta y la luz solar de un monómero tricationico.
  • Análisis de difracción de rayos X monocristalino in situ para el control de la polimerización.
  • Caracterización de la estructura del polímero, la estabilidad y la conductividad del protón.

Principales resultados:

  • Rendimiento a escala de gramos de polielectrolito monocristalino mediante fotopolimerización monocristalino a monocristalino.
  • Se reveló una estructura molecular detallada, que muestra cadenas de polímeros colineares en láminas lamelares 2D con poros subnanométricos.
  • Estabilidad térmica excepcional (> 500 K) y fotostabilidad (254 nm).
  • La conductividad del protón es de ~3 × 10−4 S cm−1.

Conclusiones:

  • El estudio presenta una síntesis controlada de polielectrolitos monocristalinos con una táctica perfecta.
  • El material exhibe una excelente estabilidad y una conductividad de protones significativa, lo que indica un potencial para aplicaciones robustas de conducción de protones.