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Los umbrales de los ecosistemas globales impulsados por la aridez

Miguel Berdugo1,2, Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo3,4, Santiago Soliveres3,5

  • 1Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramón Margalef," Universidad de Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain. mglberdugo@gmail.com.

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Este resumen es generado por máquina.

El cambio climático está aumentando la aridez, causando cambios abruptos en los ecosistemas de las tierras secas globales. Estos cambios de la aridificación afectan la productividad de las plantas, la fertilidad del suelo y la biodiversidad, amenazando los servicios esenciales del ecosistema.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ecología
  • Ciencias del medio ambiente
  • Investigación sobre el cambio climático

Sus antecedentes:

  • El aumento de la aridez global debido al cambio climático tiene un impacto significativo en los ecosistemas de las tierras secas.
  • La naturaleza de los cambios en los ecosistemas (gradual vs. abrupto; específico vs. sistémico) bajo la aridificación sigue siendo en gran medida desconocida.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar la respuesta de 20 atributos estructurales y funcionales del ecosistema al aumento de la aridez en las tierras secas globales.
  • Determinar si la aridificación causa cambios graduales o bruscos y específicos o sistémicos en el ecosistema.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis de 20 atributos estructurales y funcionales de los ecosistemas en las tierras secas globales.
  • Identificación de los umbrales y las fases de cambio del ecosistema en respuesta a la aridez.

Principales resultados:

  • La aridificación desencadena cambios sistémicos y abruptos en múltiples atributos del ecosistema.
  • Se identificaron tres fases distintas de cambio, marcadas por una disminución abrupta de la productividad vegetal (en aridez 0,54), la fertilidad del suelo (en 0,7) y la cobertura/riqueza vegetal (en 0,8).

Conclusiones:

  • Los ecosistemas de las tierras secas muestran respuestas secuenciales y abruptas al aumento de la aridez.
  • La aridificación proyectada para 2100 afectará a más del 20% de la superficie terrestre, lo que requiere una acción urgente para proteger los servicios del ecosistema para más de 2 mil millones de personas.