Mejorar el pronóstico de la asistencia sanitaria en los EE.UU
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Using Visual and Narrative Methods to Achieve Fair Process in Clinical Care
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Alison P Galvani1, Alyssa S Parpia1, Eric M Foster1
1Center for Infectious Disease Modeling and Analysis, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
Lancet (London, England)
|February 17, 2020
Resumen
Un sistema de salud universal y de un solo pagador como Medicare para Todos podría ahorrar a los EE.UU. más de 450 mil millones de dólares anuales y 68.000 vidas. Esta reforma ofrece un alivio financiero significativo y mejora el acceso a la atención médica para millones de estadounidenses.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Economía de la salud
- Política de salud pública
- Análisis de los sistemas sanitarios
Sus antecedentes:
- Los EE.UU. se enfrentan a altos gastos per cápita de atención médica con millones de personas sin seguro o con seguro insuficiente.
- Las políticas actuales de atención médica, incluida la posible derogación de la Ley de Atención Asequible, corren el riesgo de empeorar las desigualdades de salud.
- El gasto actual de los empleadores y los hogares en primas, más las asignaciones gubernamentales, representan una carga financiera sustancial.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Analizar los impactos financieros y de salud de la implementación de un sistema universal de atención médica con un solo pagador en los Estados Unidos.
- Para comparar la ley de Medicare para todos con el status quo del sistema de salud actual.
- Estimar los ahorros potenciales de costos y las vidas salvadas a través de un acceso más amplio a la atención médica.
Principales métodos:
- Modelado económico para calcular las variaciones del gasto nacional en salud.
- Análisis de los costes de expansión de la cobertura frente a los ahorros en todo el sistema.
- Estimación de las vidas y los años de vida ahorrados al garantizar el acceso universal a la atención sanitaria.
Principales resultados:
- Se prevé que un sistema de pagador único reduzca el gasto nacional en atención médica en un 13%, lo que equivale a más de $ 450 mil millones anuales (2017 USD).
- La financiación total del sistema propuesto podría ser menor que el gasto combinado actual de los empleadores, los hogares y el gobierno.
- Se estima que el acceso universal a la atención médica salva más de 68.000 vidas y 1,73 millones de años de vida al año.
- Se proyecta que los hogares de bajos ingresos experimentarán el alivio financiero más significativo.
Conclusiones:
- Un sistema de salud universal con un solo pagador ofrece un potencial sustancial para el ahorro de costos y la mejora de los resultados de salud en los Estados Unidos.
- La aplicación de dicho sistema podría conducir a reducciones significativas en el gasto sanitario y a mejoras sustanciales en la salud pública.
- La Ley de Medicare para Todos presenta un camino viable para lograr la atención médica universal, mejorar la eficiencia y promover la equidad en la salud.
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