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Rigidez del pie humano y evolución del arco transversal
Madhusudhan Venkadesan1, Ali Yawar2, Carolyn M Eng2
1Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. m.venkadesan@yale.edu.
Nature
|February 28, 2020
Resumen
El pie humano
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biomecánica
- La evolución del hombre
- La ortopedia
Sus antecedentes:
- El pie humano rígido es crucial para la locomoción eficiente y la evolución del bipedalismo.
- Se cree que los arcos del pie medio humano proporcionan rigidez, a diferencia de los pies planos de otros primates.
- El papel del arco tarsal transversal en la rigidez del pie es en gran medida inexplorado.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la contribución del arco tarsal transversal a la rigidez del pie humano.
- Desarrollar un modelo para cuantificar el efecto del arco tarsal transversal en la mecánica del pie.
- Para trazar la historia evolutiva del arco tarsal transversal en los homínidos.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis mecánico de la rigidez del pie.
- Desarrollo de un parámetro de curvatura sin dimensiones.
- El análisis de los pies fósiles de los homínidos.
- Biomecánica comparativa de los pies de los primates.
Principales resultados:
- El arco tarsal transversal representa más del 40% de la rigidez longitudinal del pie.
- Un nuevo parámetro de curvatura predice efectivamente la contribución de rigidez del arco tarsal transversal.
- Un arco transversal parecido al humano evolucionó en los homínidos que precedieron al género Homo por al menos 1,5 millones de años.
Conclusiones:
- El arco tarsal transversal mejora significativamente la rigidez del pie, jugando un papel clave en el bipedalismo humano.
- Comprender el arco tarsal transversal puede informar los tratamientos para los trastornos de pie plano y el diseño de pies robóticos.
- La evolución del arco tarsal transversal es anterior a las estimaciones anteriores para las adaptaciones clave de los homínidos.
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