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Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
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Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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Introduction to Special Senses01:26

Introduction to Special Senses

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Sensory receptors play an integral part in comprehending our external and internal environments. They receive diverse stimuli, converting them into the nervous system's electrochemical signals. This conversion occurs as the stimulus alters the sensory neuron's cell membrane potential, instigating the generation of an action potential. This action potential is subsequently transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), which integrates with other sensory data or higher cognitive...
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Introduction to Sensory Receptors01:31

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Sensory receptors are vital in our ability to perceive and interpret the world. Sensory receptors are specialized cells in the peripheral nervous system that respond to various stimuli and enable one to experience different sensations. Based on specific criteria, sensory receptors are classified into distinct types.
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Tactile and Chemical Senses01:27

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Tactile senses encompass touch, temperature, and pain, each mediated by specific receptors. Touch receptors detect mechanical energy or pressure against the skin. Sensory fibers from these receptors enter the spinal cord and relay information to the brain stem. Here, most fibers cross over to the opposite side of the brain. The touch information then moves to the thalamus, which projects a map of the body's surface onto the somatosensory areas of the parietal lobes in the cerebral cortex.
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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Dec 27, 2025

Multi-unit Recording Methods to Characterize Neural Activity in the Locust Schistocerca Americana Olfactory Circuits
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El receptor olfativo y la evolución del circuito promueven la especialización del huésped

Thomas O Auer1, Mohammed A Khallaf2, Ana F Silbering3

  • 1Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. Thomas.Auer@unil.ch.

Nature
|March 6, 2020
PubMed
Resumen

Se investigó la evolución del comportamiento de la mosca de la fruta (Drosophila sechellia), específicamente la búsqueda de huéspedes. Los investigadores identificaron cambios genéticos y neuronales que subyacen a la atracción por la fruta noni, revelando conocimientos sobre la especiación y la evolución del sistema nervioso.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neurogenética
  • Biología evolutiva
  • El comportamiento de los animales

Sus antecedentes:

  • La base genética de la evolución del comportamiento animal se entiende mal.
  • Pocos estudios demuestran los fundamentos genéticos de las diferencias de comportamiento entre las especies.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para investigar la base neurogenética de la divergencia de comportamiento en Drosophila sechellia, una especie especializada en la fruta noni.
  • Identificar los mecanismos moleculares y neuronales que impulsan el comportamiento de búsqueda de huéspedes específico de la especie.

Principales métodos:

  • Utilizó imágenes de calcio para identificar las vías olfativas en Drosophila sechellia.
  • Realizó análisis mutacionales y experimentos de transferencia de alelos entre especies en receptores olfativos.
  • Realizamos un seguimiento del circuito en el cerebro de Drosophila sechellia.

Principales resultados:

  • Identificaron receptores olfativos específicos cruciales para la atracción de largo y corto alcance hacia la fruta noni.
  • Demostró que la sintonización de un receptor olfativo es clave para la búsqueda de huéspedes específicos de la especie.
  • Descubrió que las adaptaciones neuronales, incluida la agrupación sensorial y los patrones de proyección alterados, acompañan los cambios en los receptores.

Conclusiones:

  • Reveló una acumulación de rasgos moleculares, fisiológicos y anatómicos que impulsan la divergencia de comportamiento.
  • Estableció la Drosophila sechellia como un sistema modelo para estudiar la especiación y la evolución del sistema nervioso.