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Un motor principal de las respuestas al estrés psicosocial en la rata

Naoya Kataoka¹, Yuta Shima¹, Keisuke Nakajima¹

¹Department of Integrative Physiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|March 7, 2020

Resumen

Los científicos descubrieron una vía neuronal en ratas que conecta la corteza prefrontal con el hipotálamo. Esta vía controla las respuestas al estrés autónomo y conductual, ofreciendo objetivos potenciales para los tratamientos de trastornos psicosomáticos.

Área de la Ciencia:

La neurociencia
Fisiología del estrés
Ciencias del comportamiento

Sus antecedentes:

Los mecanismos neuronales precisos que subyacen a las respuestas fisiológicas y conductuales inducidas por el estrés siguen siendo en gran medida desconocidos.
Comprender estas vías es crucial para abordar los trastornos relacionados con el estrés.

Objetivo del estudio:

Identificar la vía neuronal central responsable de mediar las respuestas autónomas y conductuales al estrés psicológico.
Investigar el papel de la corteza peduncular dorsal y la tenia tecta dorsal (DP/DTT) en el procesamiento del estrés.

Principales métodos:

Utilizó ablación genética y optogenética en un modelo de rata.
Tracé conexiones neuronales desde las regiones del cerebro anterior relacionadas con las emociones hasta el hipotálamo.
Investigó el papel de la vía DP / DTT en el hipotálamo dorsomedial (DMH) en las respuestas al estrés.

Principales resultados:

Se identificó una vía glutamatérgica VGLUT1-positiva desde el DP/DTT hasta el DMH que se activa por el estrés psicosocial.
Se demostró que esta vía DP/DTT→DMH impulsa respuestas autónomas simpáticas (termogénesis, hipertermia, cambios cardiovasculares) y comportamiento de evitación.
Confirmó el papel específico de la vía en las respuestas al estrés, no en la homeostasis basal.

Conclusiones:

La vía neural DP/DTT→DMH es un regulador central de las reacciones de estrés autónomo y conductual.
El DP/DTT representa un objetivo terapéutico potencial para los trastornos psicosomáticos debido a su papel en la mediación de diversas respuestas al estrés.

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