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Síndrome respiratorio del Medio Oriente
Ziad A Memish1, Stanley Perlman2, Maria D Van Kerkhove3
1College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Research Center, King Saud Medical City Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Lancet (London, England)
|March 8, 2020
Resumen
El coronavirus del síndrome respiratorio de Oriente Medio (MERS-CoV) causa una enfermedad grave con una alta mortalidad. La vigilancia y la investigación continuas son cruciales para controlar este patógeno prioritario y prevenir futuros brotes.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Enfermedades infecciosas
- Salud pública
- Virología
Sus antecedentes:
- El coronavirus del síndrome respiratorio del Medio Oriente (MERS-CoV), un patógeno zoonótico letal, surgió en 2012.
- El MERS-CoV continúa causando casos esporádicos, grupos comunitarios y brotes hospitalarios en todo el mundo.
- La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) identifica al MERS-CoV como un patógeno prioritario debido a su enfermedad grave, alta mortalidad y potencial epidémico.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Proporcionar una visión general actualizada del conocimiento sobre el MERS-CoV.
- Destacar las perspectivas actuales sobre la epidemiología, la virología, la transmisión, la patogénesis, el diagnóstico, las características clínicas y el tratamiento del MERS.
- Identificar las prioridades de investigación para mejorar la prevención y el control.
Principales métodos:
- Este seminario sintetiza el conocimiento actual de los casos y brotes reportados de MERS-CoV.
- Se examinan datos sobre epidemiología, características clínicas y estrategias de manejo.
- También analiza la investigación en curso en el desarrollo de terapias y vacunas.
Principales resultados:
- Desde abril de 2012 hasta diciembre de 2019, se informaron a la OMS 2499 casos confirmados de MERS-CoV y 858 muertes (mortalidad del 34,3%) en 27 países.
- Arabia Saudita reportó la mayoría de los casos (2106) y muertes (780).
- Se produjeron brotes significativos de transmisión de persona a persona, incluso en Corea del Sur (2015).
Conclusiones:
- El MERS-CoV sigue siendo una amenaza significativa para la salud mundial que requiere una vigilancia continua.
- Hay una necesidad urgente de contramedidas médicas eficaces, incluidas terapias y vacunas.
- La investigación adicional es esencial para mejorar la comprensión, el manejo y la prevención del MERS-CoV.
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