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El reciclaje y la flexibilidad metabólica dictan la vida en la corteza oceánica inferior
Jiangtao Li1,2, Paraskevi Mara2, Florence Schubotz3,4
1State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Nature
|March 13, 2020
Resumen
Las comunidades microbianas en la corteza oceánica profunda sobreviven usando fuentes limitadas de carbono y energía. Estos microbios emplean estrategias únicas para manejar los escasos recursos en este entorno desafiante.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Geomicrobiología
- La oceanografía
- Ciencias de la Tierra
Sus antecedentes:
- La corteza oceánica inferior es una frontera biológica en gran medida inexplorada debido a los desafíos de accesibilidad.
- La vida microbiana en los entornos subterráneos marinos se enfrenta a limitaciones en los recursos de carbono y energía, lo que afecta la supervivencia y el crecimiento.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar las estrategias de supervivencia de las comunidades microbianas en la corteza oceánica inferior.
- Para entender cómo los microbios se adaptan a fuentes limitadas e impredecibles de carbono y energía en el subsuelo profundo.
Principales métodos:
- Ensayos de actividad enzimática
- Análisis de los biomarcadores de lípidos
- Análisis de la expresión génica del marcador
- Microscopía
- Comunidades microbianas investigadas en el Banco Atlantis, Océano Índico
Principales resultados:
- Se ha identificado una biomasa microbiana viable de distribución heterogénea con densidades celulares muy bajas (< 2.000 células/cm3).
- Expresión observada de genes para procesos heterotróficos inesperados, incluida la degradación de hidrocarburos poliaromáticos y la utilización de polihidroxialcanoatos.
- Se ha detectado reciclaje de aminoácidos para reacciones redox y producción de energía.
Conclusiones:
- Los microorganismos en la corteza plutónica utilizan estrategias únicas para sobrevivir en fracturas y sustratos porosos.
- La supervivencia es facilitada por el acoplamiento de fuentes de energía con carbono orgánico e inorgánico, probablemente suministrado por la circulación de fluidos subterráneos.
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