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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Isomerism02:43

Isomerism

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Isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements. Isomers can be further classified into constitutional isomers and stereoisomers. Constitutional isomers differ in the connectivity of their constituent atoms. For example, 2-butanol and diethyl ether are constitutional isomers, as they have the same chemical formula, C4H10O, but differ in the connectivity of the carbon and oxygen atoms. Constitutional isomers have different physical and chemical...
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Stereoisomerism02:52

Stereoisomerism

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Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula.
Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...
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Stereoisomers02:32

Stereoisomers

17.3K
On the basis of mirror symmetry, stereoisomers of an organic molecule can be further classified into diastereomers and enantiomers. Diastereomers are stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other. Substituted alkenes, such as the cis and trans isomers of 2-butene, are diastereomers, as these molecules exhibit different spatial orientations of their constituent atoms, are not mirror images of each other, and do not interconvert. Here, the interconversion is suppressed due to...
17.3K
Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds02:33

Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds

10.8K
In this lesson, we delve into the role of ring conformation and its stability, which determines the spatial arrangement and, consequently, the molecular symmetry and stereoisomerism of cyclic compounds. 1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane is used as a case study to evaluate the possible number of stereoisomers. Here, given the multiple (n = 2) chiral centers, there are 2n = 4 possible configurations that lack a plane of symmetry, as the ring skeleton exists in a non-planar chair conformation. In addition,...
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Structural Isomerism02:34

Structural Isomerism

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Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can...
21.4K
Constitutional Isomers of Alkanes02:18

Constitutional Isomers of Alkanes

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Organic compounds of the same molecular formula can have different structural formulas called constitutional isomers, and the phenomenon is known as constitutional isomerism. Alkanes with four or more carbons showing multiple structures with the same molecular formula thereby exhibit constitutional isomerism.
The linear isomer of an alkane is prefixed by the term “n”; hence a linear isomer of pentane is known as n-pentane. Based on the type of branching, some of the...
21.6K

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Synthesis and Structure Determination of &#181;-Conotoxin PIIIA Isomers with Different Disulfide Connectivities
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Synthesis and Structure Determination of µ-Conotoxin PIIIA Isomers with Different Disulfide Connectivities

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División y uso: Isómeros estructurales para el diagnóstico y la terapia

Yingying Ning1, Yi-Wei Liu1, Zi-Shu Yang1

  • 1Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|March 17, 2020
PubMed
Resumen

Este estudio introduce un nuevo enfoque teránostico que utiliza regioisómeros porfirinoides relacionados. Un isómero permite la obtención de imágenes en el infrarrojo cercano, mientras que el otro facilita la terapia fotodinámica (PDT), ofreciendo una nueva estrategia para el diagnóstico y el tratamiento combinados.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • * Química medicinal y imágenes moleculares
  • * La nanotecnología y la ingeniería biomédica

Sus antecedentes:

  • * Los agentes teranosticos actuales a menudo implican síntesis complejas y requisitos de dosificación dispares para el diagnóstico y el tratamiento.
  • * La integración de las funcionalidades diagnósticas y terapéuticas en una sola entidad molecular presenta desafíos significativos en la medicina.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • * Desarrollar una nueva estrategia terapéutica utilizando regioisómeros porfirinoides estrechamente relacionados.
  • * Demostrar las distintas capacidades diagnósticas y terapéuticas de estos regioisómeros y sus complejos de iterbio.

Principales métodos:

  • * Síntesis de los regioisómeros porfirinoides a través de la cicloadición 1,3-dipolar.
  • * Formación de complejos de iterbio para aplicaciones diagnósticas y terapéuticas.
  • * Evaluación in vitro e in vivo de la eficacia de la imagen y la terapia fotodinámica.

Principales resultados:

  • El isómero cis, como su complejo de iterbio, exhibe luminiscencia adecuada para imágenes en el infrarrojo cercano (NIR).
  • El isómero trans, como su complejo de iterbio, genera efectivamente oxígeno singlete para la terapia fotodinámica (PDT) con un buen rendimiento cuántico.
  • * Ambos isómeros demuestran funciones biológicas complementarias, validadas mediante experimentos in vitro e in vivo.

Conclusiones:

  • * Los regioisómeros porfirinoides estrechamente relacionados pueden separarse para realizar funciones diagnósticas (imágenes) y terapéuticas (PDT) distintas.
  • * Este estudio presenta un nuevo paradigma para la creación de conjuntos moleculares emparejados para aplicaciones terapéuticas efectivas.
  • * Los hallazgos ponen de relieve un enfoque versátil para cambiar entre modalidades diagnósticas y terapéuticas utilizando compuestos isoméricos.