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An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Electrolitos sólidos halogenados de LiScCl3+ para baterías de estado sólido

Jianwen Liang1, Xiaona Li1, Shuo Wang2

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|March 28, 2020
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los investigadores desarrollaron nuevos electrolitos de estado sólido de haluro (SSEs) para baterías de litio de estado sólido (ASSLB). Estos materiales LiScCl3+ muestran una alta conductividad iónica y estabilidad, lo que permite mejorar el rendimiento de la batería.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencias de los materiales
  • La electroquímica
  • Química del estado sólido

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las baterías de litio de estado sólido de alta densidad de energía (ASSLB) requieren electrolitos de estado sólido (SSE) de alta conductividad y estabilidad.
  • Las SSE de halogenuros ofrecen vías prometedoras para el desarrollo de ASSLB.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Descubrir y caracterizar una nueva serie de LiScCl3+ SSEs.
  • Investigar la relación entre la composición, la estructura y las propiedades de transporte de Li.
  • Evaluar el rendimiento electroquímico de estas SSE en ASSLB.

Principales métodos:

  • Estrategia de síntesis por fusión conjunta.
  • Análisis estructural y observación de la orientación preferida.
  • Exploración sistemática de la difusividad y la conductividad iónica de Li.
  • Determinación electroquímica de las ventanas y ensayos de recubrimiento y desprendimiento de litio.
  • Fabricación y ensayo de LiCoO2/Li3ScCl6 en el ASSLB.

Principales resultados:

  • Descubrimiento de LiScCl3+ SSEs (x = 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4) con conductividad iónica a temperatura ambiente de hasta 3 × 10-3 S cm-1.
  • Demostración de la migración sintonizable de Li+ mediante el ajuste del valor "x", lo que conduce a una mayor conductividad y a una reducción de los efectos de bloqueo.
  • El Li3ScCl6 exhibe una amplia ventana electroquímica (0.9-4.3 V frente a Li+/Li) y un recubrimiento/desprendimiento de Li estable durante más de 2500 horas.
  • Un ASSLB que usaba Li3ScCl6 logró una capacidad reversible de 104,5 mAh g-1 con una buena vida útil.

Conclusiones:

  • Los SSEs de LiScCl3+ son un candidato viable para los ASSLB debido a su alta conductividad iónica y estabilidad electroquímica.
  • El ajuste de composición de LiScCl3+ permite la optimización del transporte de Li+.
  • Estos hallazgos ofrecen una nueva estrategia para el diseño de SSE avanzados para ASSLB de alto rendimiento.