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El área de la perilla de la corteza premotora representa todo el cuerpo de una manera compositiva
Francis R Willett1, Darrel R Deo2, Donald T Avansino3
1Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Cell
|March 30, 2020
Resumen
Los investigadores descubrieron un código neural "compositivo" en la corteza premotora, que vincula los movimientos en las cuatro extremidades. Este hallazgo avanza en la comprensión del control motor y las interfaces cerebro-computadora para las personas con tetraplejía.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia
- Control del motor
- Las interfaces cerebro-ordenador
Sus antecedentes:
- La organización del homúnculo motor a nivel de una sola neurona sigue sin estar clara.
- Las interacciones entre las partes del cuerpo en las áreas corticales motoras no se comprenden bien.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la representación neural de los movimientos de la cara, la cabeza, los brazos y las piernas en el área de la perilla de la corteza premotora.
- Para aclarar los principios de codificación neuronal que subyacen al control motor en individuos con tetraplejía.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó grabaciones de varias unidades en el área de la perilla de la mano de la corteza premotora (giro precentral).
- Estudió las representaciones neuronales durante los movimientos de la cara, la cabeza, el brazo y la pierna en personas con tetraplejía.
Principales resultados:
- Encontró una fuerte representación de todos los movimientos estudiados, contrariamente a los modelos tradicionales.
- Identificó un código neuronal parcialmente "compositivo" que conecta las cuatro extremidades.
- El código comprendía un componente de codificación de extremidades y un componente de codificación de movimientos con representaciones similares para movimientos análogos a través de extremidades.
Conclusiones:
- La codificación de composición puede facilitar la transferencia de habilidades entre extremidades.
- Proporciona un nuevo marco para entender cómo el sistema motor construye el movimiento.
- Permitió el desarrollo de una interfaz cerebro-computadora intracortical de todo el cuerpo para personas con tetraplejía.
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