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In perfect conductors, the electric field inside is always zero due to the abundance of free electrons, which nullify any field by flowing. As a result, any residual charge resides on the surface.
In a practical conductor, an applied electric field may be sustained, causing a flow of electrons, which produce a current. The differential form of the current, the current density, is related to the electric field.
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When a voltage is applied to a conductor, an electrical field is generated, and charges in the conductor feel the force due to the electrical field. The current density that results depends on the electrical field and the properties of the material. In some materials, including metals at a given temperature, the current density is approximately proportional to the electrical field. In these cases, the current density can be modeled as:
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The conduction of free electrons inside a conductor is best described by quantum mechanics. However, a classical model makes predictions close to the results of quantum mechanics. It is called the theory of metallic conduction.
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Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
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Conductividad eléctrica en un catecolado poroso y cúbico de tierras raras

Grigorii Skorupskii1, Mircea Dincă1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|April 1, 2020
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Resumen

Los investigadores desarrollaron nuevas estructuras metálicas orgánicas (MOF) cúbicas, porosas y eléctricamente conductoras. Estos materiales exhiben transporte de carga isotrópico, avanzando en el diseño de materiales electrónicos porosos para aplicaciones tecnológicas.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencias de los materiales
  • Química
  • Nanotecnología

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las estructuras metálicas orgánicas eléctricamente conductoras (MOF) son materiales porosos raros con potencial para aplicaciones tecnológicas.
  • La mayoría de los MOF conductores exhiben propiedades anisotrópicas, lo que limita la eficiencia del transporte de carga.
  • Sólo dos MOF conductores conocidos poseen estructuras cúbicas que permiten el transporte de carga isotrópica.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Sintetizar y caracterizar una nueva familia de MOFs intrínsecamente porosos y eléctricamente conductores.
  • Investigar las propiedades estructurales y electrónicas de estos nuevos marcos.
  • Para ampliar la biblioteca de MOF capaces de transporte de carga isotrópica.

Principales métodos:

  • Síntesis de nuevos marcos utilizando nitratos de tierras raras y hexahidroxitrifenileno.
  • Caracterización de la estructura del material, la porosidad y la conductividad eléctrica.
  • Análisis de la nueva unidad de construcción secundaria hexanuclear.

Principales resultados:

  • Descubrimiento de una nueva familia de MOFs cúbicos, intrínsecamente porosos.
  • Se obtienen conductividades eléctricas de hasta 10^-5 S/cm.
  • Se han registrado grandes superficies de hasta 780 m2/g.
  • Se han demostrado propiedades isotrópicas de transporte de carga.

Conclusiones:

  • Estos nuevos MOF representan una adición significativa a la clase de materiales conductores con simetría cúbica.
  • Los resultados proporcionan información sobre las estrategias de diseño para el desarrollo de materiales electrónicos porosos avanzados.
  • Su estructura y propiedades únicas allanan el camino para nuevas aplicaciones en electrónica y almacenamiento de energía.