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Bases estructurales del reconocimiento de los receptores por el SARS-CoV-2
Jian Shang1, Gang Ye1, Ke Shi2
1Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA.
Nature
|April 1, 2020
Resumen
Comprender cómo el SARS-CoV-2 se une al ACE2 humano es crucial para combatir el COVID-19. El análisis estructural revela las características clave de la proteína del pico del SARS-CoV-2
Área de la Ciencia:
- Virología
- Biología estructural
- La bioquímica
Sus antecedentes:
- Un nuevo coronavirus, el SARS-CoV-2, es el causante de la pandemia de COVID-19.
- Comprender los mecanismos de entrada de virus, específicamente el reconocimiento de receptores, es vital para controlar el SARS-CoV-2.
- Tanto el SARS-CoV-2 como el SARS-CoV utilizan la enzima convertidora de angiotensina humana 2 (ACE2) como su receptor celular.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Determinar la estructura cristalina del dominio de unión al receptor (RBD) de la proteína del pico del SARS-CoV-2 en complejo con el ACE2 humano.
- Para aclarar la base estructural para la afinidad de unión ACE2 mejorada del SARS-CoV-2 en comparación con el SARS-CoV.
- Para investigar el mecanismo de reconocimiento ACE2 de RaTG13, un coronavirus de murciélago estrechamente relacionado con el SARS-CoV-2.
Principales métodos:
- Cristalografía de rayos X para determinar la estructura del complejo SARS-CoV-2 RBD-ACE2.
- Análisis estructural comparativo entre el RBD del SARS-CoV-2 y el RBD del SARS-CoV.
- Ensayos funcionales para evaluar la afinidad de unión ACE2 y el uso de los receptores.
Principales resultados:
- La estructura cristalina reveló una cresta de unión ACE2 más compacta en el RBD del SARS-CoV-2 en comparación con el RBD del SARS-CoV.
- Los cambios específicos de los residuos en la RBD del SARS-CoV-2 estabilizan los puntos críticos de unión en la interfaz RBD-ACE2, aumentando la afinidad de unión.
- RaTG13, un coronavirus de murciélago relacionado, también utiliza ACE2 humano, lo que sugiere mecanismos de reconocimiento de receptores compartidos.
Conclusiones:
- Las características estructurales del SARS-CoV-2 RBD mejoran su afinidad de unión con el ACE2 humano, lo que potencialmente contribuye a su transmisión eficiente.
- El análisis comparativo del reconocimiento de ACE2 entre SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV y RaTG13 proporciona información sobre los posibles orígenes zoonóticos y la transmisión entre especies.
- Este entendimiento estructural guía el desarrollo de estrategias de intervención dirigidas contra la entrada del SARS-CoV-2.
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