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El proteoma dental del Homo antecesor
Frido Welker1, Jazmín Ramos-Madrigal2, Petra Gutenbrunner3
1Evolutionary Genomics Section, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. frido.welker@sund.ku.dk.
Nature
|April 10, 2020
Resumen
El análisis de proteínas antiguas revela que el Homo antecessor está estrechamente relacionado con los humanos modernos, los neandertales y los denisovanos. Este hallazgo sugiere una profunda ascendencia para los rasgos faciales modernos del Homo antecesor.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Paleoantropología
- Antropología molecular
- Biología evolutiva
Sus antecedentes:
- Se debaten las relaciones filogenéticas de los homínidos del Pleistoceno Temprano como el Homo antecessor.
- La degradación del ADN antiguo limita los estudios moleculares de los homínidos antiguos.
- El análisis de proteínas antiguas ofrece una alternativa viable para estudiar las relaciones de los homínidos antiguos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la posición filogenética del Homo antecesor utilizando proteomas de esmalte dental.
- Para comparar el Homo antecesor con el Homo erectus y los homínidos posteriores del Pleistoceno.
- Para determinar el sexo de un fósil Homo antecessor y explorar las modificaciones de proteínas in vivo.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de los proteomas del esmalte dental de los fósiles de Homo antecessor y Homo erectus.
- Recuperación de secuencias peptídicas específicas de AMELY para la determinación del sexo.
- Investigación de la fosforilación del proteoma del esmalte y la digestión proteolítica.
Principales resultados:
- El Homo antecessor se identifica como un linaje hermano de los homínidos del Pleistoceno Medio y Tardío (humanos modernos, neandertales, denisovanos).
- La morfología facial moderna del Homo antecesor puede tener raíces evolutivas profundas dentro del género Homo.
- El fragmento molar Homo antecessor analizado pertenecía a un individuo masculino.
Conclusiones:
- El análisis de proteínas antiguas proporciona información crucial sobre las relaciones evolutivas de los homínidos.
- La ubicación del Homo antecessor desafía los modelos anteriores de divergencia y morfología de los homínidos.
- El análisis del proteoma de esmalte es una herramienta prometedora para futuros estudios sobre el género Homo.
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