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Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
47.8K
Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

11.9K
Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
11.9K
Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

11.0K
The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
11.0K
Opioid Receptors: Overview01:22

Opioid Receptors: Overview

3.7K
Opioid receptors, including the mu (μ, MOR), delta (δ, DOR), and kappa (κ, KOR) types, belong to the rhodopsin family of G protein-coupled receptors. These receptors are located throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems and in non-neuronal tissues such as macrophages and astrocytes. Opioid receptor ligands can be categorized into agonists or antagonists. Highly selective agonists include [d-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly(ol)5]-enkephalin or DAMGO for MOR, [D-Pen2,...
3.7K
G-Protein Gated Ion Channels01:21

G-Protein Gated Ion Channels

5.4K
GPCRs are primarily responsible for our sense of smell, taste, and vision.  The binding of a sensory stimulus activates GPCR to stimulate effector proteins, many of which are ion channels in the sensory organs. GPCRs modulate the opening and closing of the target ion channels either directly by binding them, or by releasing second messengers that activate these channels. As ions move across the membrane, the membrane potential is altered, which induces an appropriate response.
Sensory...
5.4K
Introduction to Special Senses01:26

Introduction to Special Senses

7.2K
Sensory receptors play an integral part in comprehending our external and internal environments. They receive diverse stimuli, converting them into the nervous system's electrochemical signals. This conversion occurs as the stimulus alters the sensory neuron's cell membrane potential, instigating the generation of an action potential. This action potential is subsequently transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), which integrates with other sensory data or higher cognitive...
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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Dec 24, 2025

Perforated Patch-clamp Recording of Mouse Olfactory Sensory Neurons in Intact Neuroepithelium: Functional Analysis of Neurons Expressing an Identified Odorant Receptor
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Perforated Patch-clamp Recording of Mouse Olfactory Sensory Neurons in Intact Neuroepithelium: Functional Analysis of Neurons Expressing an Identified Odorant Receptor

Published on: July 13, 2015

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Modulación generalizada impulsada por receptores en la codificación olfativa periférica

Lu Xu1, Wenze Li2, Venkatakaushik Voleti2

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University in the City of New York, New York, NY, 10027, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 11, 2020
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Las mezclas complejas de olores desafían el sistema olfativo. Una nueva investigación revela que las interacciones de los olores en la nariz, no sólo la activación de los receptores, mejoran el olor

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High-throughput Analysis of Mammalian Olfactory Receptors: Measurement of Receptor Activation via Luciferase Activity
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Last Updated: Dec 24, 2025

Perforated Patch-clamp Recording of Mouse Olfactory Sensory Neurons in Intact Neuroepithelium: Functional Analysis of Neurons Expressing an Identified Odorant Receptor
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High-throughput Analysis of Mammalian Olfactory Receptors: Measurement of Receptor Activation via Luciferase Activity
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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La neurociencia
  • Biología del sistema olfativo
  • Procesamiento sensorial

Sus antecedentes:

  • La percepción olfativa de olores individuales se entiende, pero el olor del mundo real implica mezclas complejas.
  • Los mecanismos neuronales que subyacen al procesamiento de las mezclas de olores siguen siendo en gran medida poco claros.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para investigar cómo las neuronas sensoriales olfativas responden a mezclas complejas de olores.
  • Comprender los mecanismos de la modulación periférica en el procesamiento olfativo.

Principales métodos:

  • Se utilizó el microscopio de excitación plana alineada confocalmente (SCAPE) de alto rendimiento.
  • Imagen de aproximadamente 10.000 neuronas sensoriales olfativas en paralelo dentro del epitelio olfativo intacto del ratón.
  • Analizó las respuestas celulares a varias mezclas de olores.

Principales resultados:

  • Las mezclas de olores no produjeron respuestas aditivas simples en la mayoría de las neuronas.
  • Se han observado importantes interacciones antagónicas y sinérgicas (potenciadoras) entre los odorantes a nivel neuronal.
  • Se encontró que todos los olores probados actuaban como agonistas y antagonistas dependiendo del receptor y el contexto de la mezcla.

Conclusiones:

  • Las interacciones periféricas entre los odorantes modulan significativamente las respuestas de las neuronas sensoriales olfativas.
  • Esta modulación periférica mejora la capacidad del sistema olfativo para discriminar mezclas complejas de olores.
  • Los hallazgos sugieren un procesamiento del olfato más complejo en la periferia de lo que se apreciaba anteriormente.