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El poder térmico gigante de la gelatina iónica cerca de la temperatura ambiente

Cheng-Gong Han^1,2, Xin Qian³, Qikai Li^1,4

¹Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|May 2, 2020

Resumen

Los investigadores desarrollaron un material termoeléctrico iónico flexible que recoge el calor ambiental en electricidad. Esta innovación podría alimentar dispositivos portátiles y sensores de Internet de las cosas (IoT) sin baterías.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ciencias de los materiales
Recogida de energía
Productos térmicos

Sus antecedentes:

La recolección de calor ambiental ofrece una fuente de energía sostenible para la electrónica de baja potencia.
Los sensores de Internet de las cosas (IoT) y los dispositivos portátiles requieren soluciones de alimentación autónomas, libres de baterías o cables.
Los materiales termoeléctricos convierten las diferencias de temperatura en energía eléctrica, pero a menudo carecen de flexibilidad y eficiencia.

Objetivo del estudio:

Demostrar un material termoeléctrico iónico flexible y casi sólido con mayor potencia térmica.
Investigar los efectos sinérgicos de la termodifusión y los fenómenos termogalvánicos en un sistema basado en gelatina.
Desarrollar un dispositivo portátil de prueba de concepto para cosechar el calor corporal en electricidad.

Principales métodos:

Fabricación de un material termoeléctrico iónico flexible en estado casi sólido utilizando una matriz de gelatina.
Incorporación de proveedores de iones (KCl, NaCl, KNO3) para facilitar la termodifusión.
Integración de una pareja redox [Fe ((CN) 6 ((4-) /Fe ((CN) 6 ((3-) ] para permitir el efecto termogalvánico.
Caracterización de la potencia térmica del material y el rendimiento del dispositivo.

Principales resultados:

Se logró un termopower positivo gigante de 17,0 mV/K.
Demostró un dispositivo portátil compuesto de 25 elementos unipolares.
Generado más de 2 voltios y una potencia máxima de 5 microwatts utilizando el calor corporal.
El material exhibió efectos de termodifusión y termogalvánicos sinérgicos.

Conclusiones:

El material de gelatina iónica desarrollado es muy prometedor para la conversión de calor en energía eléctrica.
Este material termoeléctrico flexible es adecuado para alimentar dispositivos portátiles y sensores IoT.
La utilización de iones como portadores de energía ofrece una vía eficiente para la recolección de energía sostenible.

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