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La pérdida generalizada de masa de las capas de hielo refleja procesos competitivos del océano y la atmósfera
Ben Smith1, Helen A Fricker2, Alex S Gardner3
1Polar Science Center, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. besmith@uw.edu.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|May 2, 2020
Resumen
Las capas de hielo de la Tierra están perdiendo masa, contribuyendo al aumento del nivel del mar. Los datos satelitales muestran que Groenlandia y la Antártida están perdiendo miles de millones de toneladas al año debido al derretimiento del hielo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- * Ciencias de la Tierra
- * Glaciología
- * Ciencias del clima
Sus antecedentes:
- * Las proyecciones precisas del nivel del mar se basan en la cuantificación de los cambios en la masa de las capas de hielo y la comprensión de los factores climáticos.
- * Las estimaciones anteriores variaron debido a las diferentes metodologías y fuentes de datos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- * Proporcionar estimaciones unificadas del cambio de masa de hielo para las capas de hielo de Groenlandia y la Antártida de 2003 a 2019.
- * Identificar los procesos climáticos que influyen en estos cambios masivos.
Principales métodos:
- * Utilizados los datos de altitud láser del satélite de hielo, nubes y tierra de la NASA (ICESat) y el satélite ICESat-2.
- * Se analizaron los cambios de masa de hielo en tierra y flotante utilizando técnicas de estimación unificadas.
Principales resultados:
- * Pérdida significativa de hielo de la costa de Groenlandia (derretimiento de la superficie) y las plataformas de hielo de la Antártida (derretimiento del océano).
- * Las ganancias de masa en el interior de las capas de hielo (acumulación de nieve) compensan parcialmente las pérdidas.
- * Pérdida total de hielo en tierra: 200 mil millones de toneladas/año desde Groenlandia y 118 mil millones de toneladas/año desde la Antártida, contribuyendo con 14 mm al nivel del mar.
- * Las plataformas de hielo de la Antártida Occidental perdieron más del 30% de la masa total de la región.
Conclusiones:
- * La pérdida de masa global de las capas de hielo se está acelerando, principalmente debido a los procesos de fusión.
- * La dinámica de las capas de hielo es compleja, ya que implica el derretimiento de la superficie y el océano, junto con la acumulación de nieve.
- * El seguimiento continuo es crucial para refinar las predicciones del aumento del nivel del mar.
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