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Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature02:54

Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature

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In most main group element compounds, the valence electrons of the isolated atoms combine to form chemical bonds that satisfy the octet rule. For instance, the four valence electrons of carbon overlap with electrons from four hydrogen atoms to form CH4. The one valence electron leaves sodium and adds to the seven valence electrons of chlorine to form the ionic formula unit NaCl (Figure 1a). Transition metals do not normally bond in this fashion. They primarily form coordinate covalent bonds, a...
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Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
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Coordination Number and Geometry

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For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
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The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...
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Una sal porosa cargada de coordinación basada en jaulas

Eric J Gosselin1, Gerald E Decker1, Alexandra M Antonio1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|May 6, 2020
PubMed
Resumen

Los investigadores desarrollaron un nuevo método para crear materiales porosos de funcionalidad mixta utilizando sales porosas. Este enfoque permite proporciones ajustables de jaulas cargadas, mejorando la absorción de gas y ofreciendo una amplia aplicabilidad para sólidos porosos a medida.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencias de los materiales
  • Química supramolecular
  • Nanotecnología

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los marcos orgánicos metálicos (MOF) y las jaulas de coordinación porosas ofrecen una alta afinidad, pero la síntesis de materiales de funcionalidad mixta es un desafío.
  • Los métodos actuales a menudo se basan en la casualidad, las modificaciones post-sintéticas o el diseño intrincado del ligando.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Introducir un nuevo método controlado para la síntesis de materiales metálicos orgánicos de funcionalidad mixta.
  • Para demostrar la creación de sales porosas de moléculas iónicas porosas de carga opuesta.

Principales métodos:

  • Preparación de sales porosas mediante la combinación de moléculas iónicas porosas catiónicas y aniónicas.
  • Caracterización de los materiales salinos doblemente porosos resultantes.

Principales resultados:

  • Las sales porosas sintetizadas exhiben estructuras tipo marco con proporciones ajustables de jaulas catiónicas y aniónicas.
  • Los materiales muestran las firmas espectroscópicas de las jaulas padres.
  • Se observaron mayores capacidades de absorción de gas en comparación con los materiales de partida individuales.

Conclusiones:

  • Este enfoque de sales porosas proporciona una nueva vía para la síntesis controlada de sólidos porosos de funcionalidad mixta.
  • El método es ampliamente aplicable a varias familias de iones porosos, lo que permite el diseño de materiales a medida.