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Intercambio molecular microbiano-huésped y sus consecuencias funcionales en la vida temprana de los mamíferos

Stephanie C Ganal-Vonarburg¹, Mathias W Hornef², Andrew J Macpherson³

¹Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 35, 3008 Bern, Switzerland.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|May 9, 2020

Resumen

Las moléculas microbianas maternas influyen en el desarrollo de los mamíferos en el útero y durante la vida temprana. Las adaptaciones del huésped a estos microbios son cruciales para el desarrollo, el crecimiento y la inmunidad.

Área de la Ciencia:

Microbiología
Biología del desarrollo
Inmunología

Sus antecedentes:

Los microorganismos simbióticos y sus moléculas están presentes en los huéspedes mamíferos desde el desarrollo in utero.
La exposición microbiana temprana forma el desarrollo del huésped y la inmunidad.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar el viaje de las moléculas microbianas desde el útero hasta el destete.
Comprender los mecanismos de adaptación del huésped a la colonización microbiana durante la vida temprana.

Principales métodos:

Después de la exposición a moléculas microbianas desde el desarrollo in utero hasta el nacimiento, la lactancia y el destete.
Analizando las adaptaciones fisiológicas maternas y neonatales.

Principales resultados:

Las moléculas microbianas maternas pueden cruzar la barrera placentaria.
Los primeros mamíferos utilizan la desintoxicación materna, la protección de la leche y la modulación de los receptores para controlar la exposición microbiana.
Las adaptaciones específicas del huésped ocurren durante las ventanas críticas de desarrollo.

Conclusiones:

El mutualismo microbiano-huésped comienza en el útero, con una adaptación continua a lo largo de la vida temprana.
Los factores maternos y las adaptaciones neonatales son vitales para mitigar la vulnerabilidad de los primeros mamíferos a los microbios.
La adaptación exitosa del huésped a la exposición microbiana es esencial para el correcto funcionamiento, desarrollo, crecimiento e inmunidad de los órganos.

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