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Escribir al ojo de la mente de los ciegos
1Department of Vision & Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, Postbus 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Cell
|May 16, 2020
Resumen
Los investigadores exploraron la restauración de la vista en personas ciegas mediante la estimulación de la corteza visual con electrodos. Este estudio demuestra la creación de la percepción visual de las formas a través de la estimulación eléctrica dirigida, ofreciendo esperanza para la visión artificial.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia
- Ingeniería biomédica
- Oftalmología
Sus antecedentes:
- La ceguera afecta a millones de personas en todo el mundo, con pocas opciones de restauración.
- Las tecnologías actuales de visión artificial tienen limitaciones en la agudeza visual y la percepción.
- La corteza visual es el centro principal del cerebro para el procesamiento visual.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la viabilidad de restaurar la visión rudimentaria en personas ciegas.
- Para determinar si la estimulación eléctrica de la corteza visual puede evocar percepciones visuales.
- Explorar el potencial para crear visión artificial a través de la estimulación cortical directa.
Principales métodos:
- Implantación de una matriz de electrodos de la corteza visual en participantes ciegos.
- Entrega de patrones de estimulación eléctrica controlados a la corteza visual.
- Información de los participantes sobre las sensaciones visuales percibidas y la identificación de formas.
Principales resultados:
- La estimulación eléctrica evocó con éxito percepciones visuales en los participantes.
- Los participantes pudieron distinguir las formas básicas presentadas a través de la estimulación cortical.
- Las percepciones visuales inducidas se correlacionaron con los parámetros de estimulación.
Conclusiones:
- La estimulación eléctrica directa de la corteza visual puede generar percepciones visuales.
- Este enfoque ofrece una vía potencial para restaurar una forma de visión en los ciegos.
- Se necesita más investigación para refinar las técnicas de estimulación para experiencias visuales más complejas.
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