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Amenaza mundial del arsénico en las aguas subterráneas
Joel Podgorski1,2, Michael Berg1,3
1Department of Water Resources and Drinking Water, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland. joel.podgorski@eawag.ch michael.berg@eawag.ch.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|May 23, 2020
Resumen
Millones de personas se enfrentan al arsénico en las aguas subterráneas, un riesgo para la salud mundial. Este estudio traza un mapa de las zonas con alto contenido de arsénico, estimando que entre 94 y 220 millones de personas, en su mayoría en Asia, están en riesgo, lo que pone de relieve la necesidad de soluciones de agua potable.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias del medio ambiente
- Geoquímica
- Salud pública
Sus antecedentes:
- La contaminación natural por arsénico en las aguas subterráneas representa una amenaza significativa para la salud mundial.
- Millones de personas en todo el mundo se ven afectadas por niveles elevados de arsénico en las fuentes de agua potable.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Desarrollar un mapa de predicción global de las concentraciones de arsénico en las aguas subterráneas que excedan los límites de seguridad.
- Estimar el número de personas potencialmente expuestas a altos niveles de arsénico en las aguas subterráneas.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó un modelo de aprendizaje automático forestal aleatorio que incorpora 11 parámetros ambientales geoespaciales.
- Se analizaron más de 50.000 puntos de datos agregados de la concentración de arsénico medido en las aguas subterráneas.
- Integró el modelo de predicción con las estadísticas de uso de aguas subterráneas domésticas.
Principales resultados:
- Generó un mapa de predicción global que identifica las áreas conocidas y previamente no documentadas de preocupación por la contaminación por arsénico.
- Se estima que entre 94 y 220 millones de personas están potencialmente expuestas a aguas subterráneas con alto contenido de arsénico.
- Se identificó que el 94% de la población potencialmente expuesta reside en Asia.
Conclusiones:
- El mapa desarrollado es crucial para crear conciencia e identificar las áreas que requieren intervención.
- Los resultados ayudarán a priorizar las pruebas y a localizar pozos de agua potable segura.
- Aborda la creciente preocupación por la exposición al arsénico a medida que aumenta la dependencia de las aguas subterráneas a nivel mundial.
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