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La coreografía molecular del ejercicio agudo
Kévin Contrepois1, Si Wu2, Kegan J Moneghetti3
1Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Cell
|May 30, 2020
Resumen
Este estudio revela los complejos cambios moleculares en el cuerpo después del ejercicio, identificando vías clave y posibles biomarcadores sanguíneos para el consumo máximo de oxígeno, especialmente observando diferencias en individuos resistentes a la insulina.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Fisiología del ejercicio
- Biología de los sistemas
- Biología molecular
Sus antecedentes:
- La actividad física aguda tiene un impacto en los sistemas metabólico, cardiovascular e inmunológico.
- Las investigaciones anteriores se han centrado en cambios moleculares aislados, no en la respuesta completa de todo el sistema al ejercicio.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Caracterizar exhaustivamente la respuesta molecular de todo el sistema a un ejercicio agudo utilizando perfiles multi-ómicos.
- Identificar las diferencias en estas respuestas entre individuos sanos y individuos resistentes a la insulina.
- Descubrir las vías de respuesta al ejercicio y los posibles biomarcadores para la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria.
Principales métodos:
- Perfilamiento longitudinal multi-ómico (metaboloma, lipidoma, inmunoma, proteoma, transcriptoma) del plasma y de las PBMC.
- Análisis de datos de 36 voluntarios antes y después de una prueba de ejercicio controlada y limitada a los síntomas.
- Análisis de series temporales para identificar cambios moleculares y orquestación de procesos biológicos.
Principales resultados:
- Se observaron miles de cambios moleculares, lo que indica cambios coordinados en el metabolismo energético, el estrés oxidativo, la inflamación, la reparación de los tejidos y las vías de los factores de crecimiento.
- Estas respuestas moleculares inducidas por el ejercicio fueron generalmente atenuadas o revertidas en los participantes resistentes a la insulina.
- Se identificaron nuevas vías biológicas relacionadas con la respuesta al ejercicio cardiopulmonar, lo que condujo a modelos predictivos para biomarcadores de aptitud cardiorrespiratoria.
Conclusiones:
- El ejercicio agudo desencadena una respuesta molecular compleja y orquestada en múltiples sistemas biológicos.
- La resistencia a la insulina altera significativamente la adaptación molecular del cuerpo al ejercicio.
- Los biomarcadores de sangre en reposo pueden predecir la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria, ofreciendo información sobre la respuesta al ejercicio y la salud.
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