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Calorimeters are useful to determine the heat released or absorbed by a chemical reaction. Coffee cup calorimeters are designed to operate at constant (atmospheric) pressure and are convenient to measure heat flow (or enthalpy change) accompanying processes that occur in solution at constant pressure. A different type of calorimeter that operates at constant volume, colloquially known as a bomb calorimeter, is used to measure the energy produced by reactions that yield large amounts of heat and...
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Polarimetry finds application in chemical kinetics to measure the concentration and reaction kinetics of optically active substances during a chemical reaction. Optically active substances have the capability of rotating the plane of polarization of linearly polarized light passing through them—a feature called optical rotation. Optical activity is attributed to the molecular structure of substances. Normal monochromatic light is unpolarized and possesses oscillations of the electrical...
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Voltage and current measurements using a standard voltmeter and ammeter alter the circuit being measured either by drawing or resisting the current flow, which introduces uncertainties in the measurements. Null measurements balance the voltages so that no current flows through the measuring device and, therefore, no alterations occur in the measured circuit.
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Amperometry: Overview01:10

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Amperometry is a technique commonly used to measure the concentration of specific analytes in a solution by monitoring the electric current generated during an electrochemical reaction. It involves applying a constant potential between a working electrode and a reference electrode to measure the resulting current, which is proportional to the concentration of the analyte. The Clark oxygen electrode operates based on this principle of amperometry. It consists of a cathode and an anode enclosed...
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Mass Analyzers: Overview01:13

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2.1K
The mass analyzer is a crucial component of the mass spectrometer. In the ionization chamber, the vaporized sample is bombarded with a high-energy electron beam to generate a radical cation and further fragment into neutral molecules, radicals, and cations. A series of negatively charged accelerator plates accelerate the cations into the mass analyzer. The mass analyzer separates ions according to their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios and then directs them to the detector. The common types of mass...
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Mass Analyzers: Common Types01:19

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2.0K
The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
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Video Experimental Relacionado

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Mapping the Binding Site of an Aptamer on ATP Using MicroScale Thermophoresis
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Medición de la energía de plegado de Aptamer utilizando una abrazadera molecular

Hao Qu1, Qihui Ma1, Lu Wang1

  • 1School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|June 4, 2020
PubMed
Resumen

Los investigadores desarrollaron un método simple para medir la energía de plegamiento del aptamer, un factor clave en la estabilidad y función del aptamer. Esta técnica utiliza pinzas moleculares de ADN y electroforesis en gel para determinar la energía de plegado, ayudando a la investigación de aptamer.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La biofísica
  • Biología molecular
  • La bioquímica

Sus antecedentes:

  • La energía de plegamiento del aptamer (ΔGfold) es crucial para comprender la estabilidad y la función del aptamer.
  • La medición experimental de la energía de plegamiento del aptamer es difícil debido a la falta de técnicas generales.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Presentar un método sencillo y generalizable para medir la energía de plegado del aptamer.
  • Proporcionar una nueva herramienta para caracterizar la estabilidad y la función de los aptameros.

Principales métodos:

  • Utilizando una abrazadera molecular de ADN de doble cadena acoplada a los extremos del aptamer para estirar el aptamer en condiciones de equilibrio.
  • Empleando electroforesis en gel de lapso de tiempo para medir la energía interna total de las moléculas de ADN estresadas.
  • Comparación de comportamientos de plegado y despliegue de moléculas de ADN que contienen aptamer y no estructuradas para obtener energía de plegado de aptamer.

Principales resultados:

  • Se midió con éxito la energía de plegado del aptamer de trombina HD22 como 10,40 kJ/mol, alineándose con las predicciones existentes.
  • Determinó que la energía de plegado de una estructura simple de horquilla es de 9,05 kJ/mol, coincidiendo estrechamente con las predicciones computacionales (9,24 kJ/mol).

Conclusiones:

  • La estrategia desarrollada ofrece un enfoque accesible y generalizable para medir la energía de plegado en varios aptámeres.
  • Este método facilita una caracterización más precisa de la estabilidad y función del aptamer.