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Yeasts are single-celled organisms, but unlike bacteria, they are eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus). Cell signaling in yeast is similar to signaling in other eukaryotic cells. A ligand, such as a protein or a small molecule released from a yeast cell, attaches to a receptor on the cell surface. The binding stimulates second-messenger kinases to activate or inactivate transcription factors that further regulate gene expression. Many of the yeast intracellular signaling cascades have similar...
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Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3...
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The primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells is the centrosome. A centrosome has two cylindrical centrioles at its core. Each centriole consists of nine sets of three microtubules held together by proteins. The centrioles are positioned at right angles to each other and surrounded by a shapeless protein cloud called the pericentriolar matrix, or pericentriolar material (PCM).
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Video Experimental Relacionado

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Los genes convergentes dan forma a los pericentrómeros de las levaduras en ciernes

Flora Paldi1, Bonnie Alver1, Daniel Robertson1

  • 1The Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

Nature
|June 5, 2020
PubMed
Resumen

Los pericentrómeros de la levadura en ciernes organizan la estructura y la función del genoma. Los genes convergentes y el posicionamiento de la cohesión dan forma a estas regiones, asegurando la segregación adecuada de los cromosomas durante la mitosis.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La genómica
  • Biología molecular
  • Biología celular

Sus antecedentes:

  • La arquitectura tridimensional del genoma es crucial para su mantenimiento, expresión y transmisión.
  • El complejo de proteínas de cohesión organiza el genoma mediante la vinculación de loci distantes y se enriquece en pericentrómeros.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para aclarar la estructura 3D de los pericentrómeros en la levadura en ciernes (Saccharomyces cerevisiae).
  • Establecer la relación entre la organización del genoma del pericentromero y la función celular, en particular la segregación cromosómica.

Principales métodos:

  • Investigó la estructura 3D de los pericentrómeros en Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
  • Analizó el papel de los genes convergentes y la cohesión en la definición de la estructura y la función de los pericentromeros.
  • Se examinó el impacto de la reorientación génica en la organización del pericentromero y la biorientación cromosómica.

Principales resultados:

  • Los genes convergentes en las fronteras del pericentromero, junto con los centromeros del núcleo, definen la estructura y la posición de la cohesión.
  • Los pericentrómeros adoptan una conformación en bucle con genes de borde en la base; la fijación de microtúbulos extiende estos bucles.
  • La reorientación de los genes limítrofes perjudica el posicionamiento de la cohesión, agranda los pericentrómeros y interrumpe la biorientación cromosómica.

Conclusiones:

  • La disposición lineal de los genes y la carga de cohesión dirigida dan forma a los pericentrómeros para la segregación cromosómica competente.
  • La fijación de microtúbulos reestructura la arquitectura del pericentromero.
  • Existe un vínculo causal directo entre la organización del genoma 3D y la función celular en los pericentrómeros.