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Hay un montón de espacio en la parte superior: ¿Qué impulsará el rendimiento de la computadora después de la ley de
Charles E Leiserson1, Neil C Thompson2,3, Joel S Emer1,4
1Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|June 6, 2020
Resumen
A medida que la ley de Moore termina, las ganancias de rendimiento de la computadora se desplazarán a las innovaciones de software y hardware. La optimización de la "parte superior" de la pila de computación, incluidos los grandes componentes del sistema, es clave para el rendimiento futuro.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias de la computación
- Ingeniería eléctrica
- Ciencias de los materiales
Sus antecedentes:
- La miniaturización de transistores semiconductores ha impulsado históricamente las ganancias de rendimiento de las computadoras durante más de 50 años.
- El acercamiento a los límites físicos de la miniaturización señala el fin de la Ley de Moore.
- Los aumentos de rendimiento futuros requieren un cambio más allá de la escala tradicional de semiconductores.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Identificar y caracterizar nuevas vías para mejorar el rendimiento de las computadoras en la era posterior a la Ley de Moore.
- Explorar el potencial de las innovaciones de software, algoritmos y hardware (la "parte superior" de la pila de computación) para mejorar el rendimiento.
- Investigar el papel de los grandes componentes del sistema en la realización de estas futuras mejoras de rendimiento.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis conceptual de las tendencias de la tecnología informática.
- La distinción entre las capas "de abajo" (física de semiconductores, fabricación) y "de arriba" (software, algoritmos, hardware) de la pila de computación.
- Evaluación de las características de las mejoras de rendimiento de las tecnologías "Top".
Principales resultados:
- Las ganancias de rendimiento en la era post-Moore dependerán cada vez más del software, los algoritmos y el hardware, denominados "Top" de la pila de computación.
- Se espera que estas ganancias "Top" sean oportunistas, desiguales y sujetas a rendimientos decrecientes.
- Los grandes componentes del sistema presentan un contexto viable para abordar los desafíos asociados con las optimizaciones de la capa "Top".
Conclusiones:
- El final de la Ley de Moore requiere un enfoque estratégico en la "Cima" de la pila de computación para el crecimiento sostenido del rendimiento.
- La explotación de las innovaciones de software, algoritmos y hardware, particularmente dentro de los grandes componentes del sistema, es crucial para los futuros avances informáticos.
- La comprensión de la naturaleza esporádica y decreciente de las ganancias "Top" es esencial para la investigación y el desarrollo eficaces.
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