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Costos y beneficios socio-ecológicos en cascada desencadenados por un depredador clave en recuperación

Edward J Gregr^1,2, Villy Christensen³, Linda Nichol⁴

¹Institute for Resources Environment, and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. ed@scitechconsulting.com.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|June 13, 2020

Resumen

La recuperación de la nutria marina aumenta la biomasa y el valor del ecosistema, superando las pérdidas de la pesca de mariscos. Esta cascada trófica beneficia a los peces, el secuestro de carbono y el ecoturismo, lo que demuestra la restauración de los depredadores

Área de la Ciencia:

Ecología marina
Evaluación de los servicios ecosistémicos
Dinámica de la cascada trófica

Sus antecedentes:

La recuperación de la nutria marina en el este del Pacífico Norte altera los ecosistemas costeros.
Los cambios incluyen la reducción de los invertebrados bentónicos y el aumento de los bosques de algas.
Estos cambios afectan a la pesca de mariscos y a otros servicios ecosistémicos.

Objetivo del estudio:

Cuantificar las consecuencias sociales y económicas de la recuperación de la nutria marina.
Predecir los impactos en cuatro servicios clave del ecosistema utilizando un modelo trófico.

Principales métodos:

Desarrollo y aplicación de un modelo trófico.
Análisis de la biomasa del ecosistema y valoración económica.

Principales resultados:

La presencia de nutrias marinas aumenta la biomasa total del ecosistema en un 37% anual.
Los beneficios económicos incluyen ganancias en el pescado (+9.4 millones de dólares), el secuestro de carbono (+2.2 millones de dólares) y el ecoturismo (+42.0 millones de dólares).
Estos beneficios superan las pérdidas anuales de la pesca de invertebrados (-7,3 millones de dólares CA$).

Conclusiones:

La recuperación de la nutria de mar restaura la estructura y la función del ecosistema.
La restauración de los depredadores produce importantes beneficios sociales, económicos y ecológicos para las comunidades.
La restauración del ecosistema a través de especies clave puede crear resultados económicos netos positivos.

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