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Lluvia de plástico en áreas protegidas de los Estados Unidos
Janice Brahney1, Margaret Hallerud2, Eric Heim2
1Department of Watershed Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA. janice.brahney@usu.edu.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|June 13, 2020
Resumen
La contaminación plástica es un problema medioambiental cada vez mayor. Este estudio revela que los plásticos pueden viajar largas distancias en la atmósfera, con distintos patrones de deposición dependiendo de si caen en condiciones húmedas o secas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias del medio ambiente
- Ciencias atmosféricas
- Ecología
Sus antecedentes:
- Se espera que más de 11 mil millones de toneladas métricas de plástico se acumulen a nivel mundial para el año 2025.
- Los plásticos persistentes se fragmentan en pedazos más pequeños, volviéndose susceptibles al transporte atmosférico a través del viento.
- Comprender el destino atmosférico de los microplásticos es crucial para evaluar su impacto ambiental.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar las distintas historias de vida atmosférica de los plásticos basadas en la deposición húmeda frente a la seca.
- Para cuantificar las tasas e identificar las fuentes de deposición de plástico en áreas remotas de conservación de los Estados Unidos.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizamos datos espaciales y temporales de alta resolución para analizar la deposición de plástico.
- Comparación de los patrones de transporte y deposición atmosféricos en condiciones húmedas y secas.
- Fuentes identificadas de deposición de plástico, incluidos los centros urbanos y la resuspensión.
Principales resultados:
- Los plásticos depositados en húmedo provienen principalmente de centros urbanos y de la resuspensión de suelos o agua.
- Los plásticos secos son más pequeños y indican un transporte atmosférico de mayor alcance o global.
- Las tasas promedio de deposición alcanzaron 132 plásticos por metro cuadrado por día, totalizando más de 1000 toneladas métricas anuales a las tierras protegidas del oeste de los Estados Unidos.
Conclusiones:
- La deposición de plástico exhibe diferentes vías atmosféricas dependiendo de las condiciones húmedas o secas.
- Las áreas de conservación remotas reciben una importante deposición anual de plástico, lo que pone de relieve la naturaleza generalizada de la contaminación por plástico.
- Las emisiones urbanas y la resuspensión son los principales contribuyentes a la deposición local de plástico, mientras que las partículas más pequeñas sugieren el transporte global.
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