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Un mecanismo genético para el dicromatismo sexual en las aves
Małgorzata A Gazda1,2, Pedro M Araújo1,3, Ricardo J Lopes1
1CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|June 13, 2020
Resumen
El dicromatismo sexual en los canarios mosaicos está controlado por el gen BCO2, que afecta la degradación de los carotenoides en la piel. Este mecanismo molecular explica las diferencias en la coloración ornamental entre los sexos en los pinzones.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología evolutiva
- La genética
- Coloración animal
Sus antecedentes:
- El dicromatismo sexual, las diferencias en la coloración entre los sexos, a menudo es impulsado por la selección sexual.
- Los carotenoides son pigmentos responsables de colores vibrantes en muchos animales, que influyen en la elección de pareja.
- Los canarios mosaicos, un híbrido, exhiben un dicromatismo sexual único basado en carotenoides.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Identificar la base genética del dicromatismo sexual basado en carotenoides en los canarios de mosaico.
- Comprender los mecanismos moleculares que subyacen a la coloración diferencial del integumento entre los sexos.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis comparativo del transcriptoma del tejido cutáneo de canarios mosaico macho y hembra.
- Perfiles de expresión génica para identificar genes candidatos involucrados en el metabolismo de los carotenoides.
- Análisis del gen que codifica la β-caroteno oxigenasa 2 (BCO2).
Principales resultados:
- El gen que codifica la β-caroteno oxigenasa 2 (BCO2) fue identificado como el controlador primario del dicromatismo basado en carotenoides en los canarios mosaico.
- El dicromatismo es el resultado de la degradación diferencial de carotenoides en el integumento, no de la absorción o el transporte de pigmentos.
- Los datos del transcriptoma sugieren que este mecanismo es común en el dicromatismo sexual de los pinzones.
Conclusiones:
- El dicromatismo sexual en los canarios de mosaico está controlado por un solo gen (BCO2) con un efecto importante.
- La degradación diferencial de carotenoides es un mecanismo molecular clave que impulsa las diferencias de color ornamental entre los sexos.
- Mecanismos genéticos simples pueden ser la base de la evolución de la compleja coloración sexual.
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