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La arquitectura de falla 3D controla el dinamismo de los enjambres de terremotos
Zachary E Ross1, Elizabeth S Cochran2, Daniel T Trugman3,4
1Seismological Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA. zross@caltech.edu.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|June 20, 2020
Resumen
Los enjambres de terremotos son complejos, desafiando los modelos 2D. El aprendizaje profundo revela que la arquitectura de falla 3D controla la evolución del enjambre, impulsada por la inyección de fluidos subterráneos y la migración a través de canales.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La geofísica
- Sismología
- Tectónica
Sus antecedentes:
- Los modelos estándar de terremotos a menudo simplifican la arquitectura de fallas a 2D, que lucha por explicar comportamientos complejos de enjambre.
- Los enjambres de terremotos, caracterizados por distintos patrones evolutivos, presentan desafíos a estos modelos simplificados.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la arquitectura tridimensional de fallas que controla un enjambre de terremotos de 4 años en el sur de California.
- Comprender el papel de la migración de fluidos en el inicio, la propagación y la terminación del enjambre.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó técnicas avanzadas de monitoreo de terremotos.
- Aplicó un algoritmo de aprendizaje profundo para obtener una imagen de la arquitectura de la zona de falla.
- Se analizaron los patrones de migración de fluidos y su correlación con la actividad sísmica.
Principales resultados:
- Se observa la inyección de fluido natural desde abajo en la zona de falla.
- Se han identificado canales paralelos que facilitan la difusión de fluidos y el desencadenamiento de terremotos.
- Se ha documentado una barrera de permeabilidad que impide inicialmente la migración de fluidos, pero que finalmente es eludida.
- Migración de fluidos hacia una sección de falla menos profunda con diferentes propiedades mecánicas.
Conclusiones:
- La evolución del enjambre está significativamente influenciada por las variaciones 3D en la arquitectura de fallas.
- La inyección de fluidos y la dinámica de migración son factores clave del comportamiento del enjambre de terremotos.
- El estudio proporciona información de alta resolución sobre los procesos que rigen la iniciación, el crecimiento y la detención del enjambre.
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