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Los perros adaptados al Ártico surgieron en la transición Pleistoceno-Holoceno
Mikkel-Holger S Sinding1,2,3,4,5, Shyam Gopalakrishnan6, Jazmín Ramos-Madrigal6
1The GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. mhssinding@gmail.com tomas.marques@upf.edu ajhansen@sund.ku.dk tgilbert@sund.ku.dk.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|June 27, 2020
Resumen
El análisis genómico revela que los perros de trineo modernos se originaron en Siberia, con vínculos genéticos con un perro siberiano de 9.500 años y el flujo genético de antiguos lobos siberianos, lo que indica la adaptación al Ártico en ese momento.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Genómica canina
- Biología evolutiva
- Arqueogenética
Sus antecedentes:
- Los perros de trineo son caninos altamente especializados con poca investigación sobre sus orígenes.
- Comprender la evolución del perro de trineo es crucial para comprender la adaptación del Ártico y la coevolución del perro humano.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el surgimiento espacio-temporal y la historia evolutiva de los perros de trineo utilizando un enfoque genómico.
- Identificar los orígenes ancestrales y los patrones de flujo genético que contribuyen a las poblaciones modernas de perros de trineo.
Principales métodos:
- Secuenciación del genoma de 10 perros de trineo de Groenlandia modernos.
- Secuenciación de un antiguo perro siberiano de 9.500 años con vínculos arqueológicos con la tecnología de trineos.
- Secuenciación de un antiguo genoma de lobo siberiano de ~ 33,000 años de antigüedad para la comparación.
Principales resultados:
- Significativa similitud genética encontrada entre el antiguo perro siberiano y los perros de trineo modernos.
- La evidencia del flujo genético de los lobos siberianos del Pleistoceno, pero no de los lobos americanos modernos, en los perros de trineo actuales.
- Identificación de haplotipos genéticos específicos de perros de trineo potencialmente relacionados con la adaptación al Ártico presente hace 9.500 años.
Conclusiones:
- El antepasado primario de los perros de trineo modernos se remonta a Siberia.
- Las adaptaciones genéticas específicas de los perros de trineo para entornos árticos se establecieron hace al menos 9.500 años en Siberia.
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