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Los cambios en la concentración de fitoplancton ahora impulsan el aumento de la producción primaria del Océano Ártico
K M Lewis1, G L van Dijken1, K R Arrigo2
1Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 11, 2020
Resumen
La producción primaria de fitoplancton del Ártico ha aumentado un 57% debido a la pérdida de hielo marino. Los aumentos futuros pueden ser impulsados por la afluencia de nutrientes y la biomasa del fitoplancton, que apoyan niveles tróficos más altos y la exportación de carbono.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La oceanografía
- Biología marina
- Ciencias del clima
Sus antecedentes:
- La pérdida de hielo marino en el Ártico se correlaciona históricamente con el aumento de la producción primaria de fitoplancton.
- El impacto a largo plazo de la disminución continua del hielo marino en la producción primaria del Ártico sigue siendo objeto de debate.
- Comprender estos cambios es crucial para predecir las respuestas del ecosistema ártico.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Cuantificar los cambios en la producción primaria del Ártico durante dos décadas.
- Identificar las causas de los cambios en la producción primaria en respuesta a la pérdida de hielo marino.
- Proyectar la capacidad futura del Océano Ártico para soportar niveles tróficos más altos y exportación de carbono.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó un algoritmo de color oceánico específicamente parametrizado para el Océano Ártico.
- Se analizaron datos satelitales de 1998 a 2018 para evaluar las tendencias de la producción primaria.
- Investigó la relación entre la extensión del hielo marino, la biomasa del fitoplancton y la disponibilidad de nutrientes.
Principales resultados:
- Se observó un aumento del 57% en la producción primaria del Ártico entre 1998 y 2018.
- Los primeros aumentos estaban relacionados con una mayor cantidad de aguas abiertas debido a la pérdida de hielo marino.
- Los aumentos posteriores fueron impulsados principalmente por una mayor biomasa de fitoplancton, sostenida por la entrada de nuevos nutrientes.
Conclusiones:
- La producción primaria del Ártico es sensible a la dinámica del hielo marino y a la disponibilidad de nutrientes.
- El Océano Ártico puede apoyar un aumento de la producción a nivel trófico y la exportación de carbono en el futuro.
- El seguimiento continuo es esencial para comprender la evolución del ecosistema marino ártico.
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