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Una vía leptina-BDNF que regula la inervación simpática del tejido adiposo
Putianqi Wang1, Ken H Loh2, Michelle Wu1
1Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
Nature
|July 24, 2020
Resumen
La leptina regula el tejido graso
Área de la Ciencia:
- Trastornos del metabolismo
- Neuroendocrinología
- Biología del tejido adiposo
Sus antecedentes:
- Las mutaciones del gen de la leptina causan obesidad y deterioro de la función del tejido adiposo.
- El sistema nervioso simpático regula las funciones del tejido adiposo como la termogénesis y la lipólisis.
- Se desconoce el mecanismo detrás del efecto de la leptina en la función simpática.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el papel de la leptina en la regulación de la inervación simpática del tejido adiposo.
- Elucidar las vías neuronales que median los efectos de la leptina en la función simpática del tejido adiposo.
- Identificar los núcleos del hipotálamo implicados en la regulación de la homeostasis energética por la leptina.
Principales métodos:
- Se estudiaron ratones obesos y ratones obesos inducidos por la dieta.
- Se ha administrado tratamiento crónico con leptina.
- Utilizó la manipulación genética de los receptores de leptina y los genes BDNF en poblaciones neuronales específicas.
- Evaluación de la inervación simpática del tejido adiposo blanco y marrón.
Principales resultados:
- La deficiencia de leptina reduce la inervación simpática en el tejido adiposo.
- El tratamiento con leptina restaura la inervación simpática, corrigiendo los defectos funcionales.
- Los efectos de la leptina están mediados por las neuronas del núcleo arqueado hipotalámico (AgRP y POMC) y el núcleo paraventricular (BDNF).
- La deleción genética del receptor de leptina o BDNF altera la acción de la leptina sobre la inervación.
Conclusiones:
- La señalización de la leptina controla la plasticidad de la inervación simpática del tejido adiposo.
- Una vía neural de arriba hacia abajo que involucra al hipotálamo es crucial para los efectos de la leptina.
- Esta vía es esencial para mantener la homeostasis energética.
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