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Estado global y potencial de conservación de los tiburones de arrecife

M Aaron MacNeil¹, Demian D Chapman², Michelle Heupel³

¹Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. a.macneil@dal.ca.

|July 24, 2020

Resumen

La sobrepesca ha agotado severamente las poblaciones de tiburones de arrecife a nivel mundial, con casi el 20% de los arrecifes encuestados que no muestran tiburones. Los esfuerzos de conservación, incluidas las áreas marinas protegidas y las restricciones de pesca, pueden ayudar a restaurar estos depredadores marinos vitales.

Área de la Ciencia:

Biología marina
Ciencias de la conservación
Gestión de las pesquerías

Sus antecedentes:

Las poblaciones de tiburones han disminuido debido a décadas de sobreexplotación, impactando sus roles ecológicos.
El conocimiento existente sobre los tiburones proviene principalmente de la pesca industrial, con datos limitados sobre las especies de arrecifes costeros.

Objetivo del estudio:

Abordar la brecha de conocimiento sobre las poblaciones de tiburones de arrecife en los hábitats costeros.
Estimar el estado de conservación global de los tiburones de arrecife utilizando datos estandarizados.

Principales métodos:

Utilizó datos de más de 15.000 estaciones de video submarinas estandarizadas.
Se realizaron encuestas en 371 arrecifes en 58 naciones para evaluar la abundancia de tiburones de arrecife.

Principales resultados:

No se observaron tiburones en casi el 20% de los arrecifes estudiados, lo que indica un agotamiento severo.
La ausencia de tiburones se correlacionó con factores socioeconómicos: proximidad al mercado, mala gobernanza y densidad de población humana.
Los arrecifes con santuarios de tiburones, áreas cerradas, límites de captura y prohibiciones de redes de enmalle / palangres mostraron una mayor abundancia de tiburones.

Conclusiones:

La pesca ha tenido un profundo impacto negativo en las poblaciones mundiales de tiburones de arrecife.
Las estrategias de conservación, incluida la mejora de la gobernanza y la gestión específica de la pesca, son cruciales para la recuperación de los tiburones de arrecife.
El tratamiento de los factores socioeconómicos es esencial para la restauración exitosa de las pesquerías de tiburón de arrecife tropical.

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