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Pequeños relámpagos de tormentas eléctricas poco profundas en Júpiter
Heidi N Becker1, James W Alexander2, Sushil K Atreya3
1Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA. Heidi.N.Becker@jpl.nasa.gov.
Nature
|August 8, 2020
Resumen
Júpiter también.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias planetarias
- Ciencias atmosféricas
- Física del plasma
Sus antecedentes:
- Las anteriores observaciones de rayos de Júpiter estaban limitadas por la sensibilidad de la cámara y la distancia.
- Las tasas de flash se estiman en 4 × 10-3 por km2 / año, con extensiones espaciales de ~ 30 km.
- Los destellos se interpretan como trazadores de convección de humedad cerca del nivel de 5 bares.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para reportar nuevas observaciones ópticas del rayo de Júpiter por la nave espacial Juno.
- Para caracterizar las energías, duraciones y velocidades de los relámpagos con un detalle sin precedentes.
- Para investigar el origen atmosférico y los mecanismos de generación de los rayos de Júpiter.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó los instrumentos ópticos de la nave espacial Juno para la detección de rayos.
- Energías de flash analizadas que oscilan entre 105 y 108 joules.
- Las duradas de destellos medidos son tan cortas como 5,4 milisegundos y las separaciones entre destellos en milisegundos.
Principales resultados:
- Se observó una tasa de relámpagos de Júpiter de 6.1 × 10-2 por km2 / año, un orden de magnitud mayor que el reportado anteriormente.
- Detectamos destellos con pequeñas extensiones espaciales, indicando orígenes por encima del nivel de 2 barras.
- Energías de destellos medidos comparables a las del rayo terrestre.
Conclusiones:
- El rayo de Júpiter ocurre a una tasa significativamente mayor de lo estimado anteriormente.
- La presencia de rayos por encima del nivel de 2 bares sugiere que el agua no es esencial para la generación de relámpagos.
- Múltiples mecanismos de generación de rayos probablemente operan en la atmósfera de Júpiter, lo que requiere una mayor investigación sobre la convección atmosférica y la composición.
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