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Enfoques del entorno construido para aumentar la actividad física: un asesoramiento científico de la Asociación
Circulation
|August 14, 2020
Resumen
Las intervenciones en el entorno construido basadas en la comunidad aumentan efectivamente la actividad física y mejoran la salud cardiovascular. Estas estrategias combinan el transporte y las mejoras en el uso de la tierra para hacer que la actividad sea accesible para todos los estadounidenses.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud pública
- Planificación urbana
- Salud cardiovascular
Sus antecedentes:
- Los bajos niveles de actividad física en los EE.UU. tienen un impacto negativo en la salud cardiovascular.
- Las intervenciones en el entorno construido modifican las características de la comunidad para promover la actividad física.
- Las estrategias a nivel comunitario son cruciales para aumentar la actividad física de la población.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Resumir la evidencia de las intervenciones en el entorno construido para aumentar la actividad física.
- Presentar la recomendación del Grupo de Trabajo de Servicios Preventivos de la Comunidad sobre los enfoques del entorno construido.
- Informar las estrategias de salud pública y planificación urbana para promover una vida activa.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión sistemática de 90 estudios (1980 a junio de 2014) utilizando los métodos de la Guía de Servicios Preventivos de la Comunidad.
- Evaluación de las intervenciones dirigidas a los sistemas de transporte y el uso del suelo.
- Evaluación de la evidencia para las estrategias combinadas de entorno construido.
Principales resultados:
- Hay pruebas suficientes que respaldan la eficacia de las estrategias combinadas de entorno construido.
- Las estrategias combinadas integran mejoras en la infraestructura para peatones y ciclistas y en el uso del suelo.
- Los componentes efectivos incluyen la conectividad vial, el uso mixto de la tierra y la proximidad a los destinos.
Conclusiones:
- La implementación de estrategias combinadas de entorno construido puede aumentar la actividad física en todo el país.
- Estas intervenciones promueven una vida sana y activa y mejoran la salud cardiovascular.
- Los cambios a nivel comunitario son esenciales para la adopción generalizada de la actividad física.
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