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Pérdida de carbono del suelo por calentamiento experimental en un bosque tropical

Andrew T Nottingham^1,2, Patrick Meir^3,4, Esther Velasquez⁵

¹School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. Andrew.Nottingham@ed.ac.uk.

|August 14, 2020

Resumen

El calentamiento de los suelos de los bosques tropicales aumentó significativamente las emisiones de dióxido de carbono en un 55%, lo que indica que el carbono del suelo tropical es sensible al aumento de las temperaturas y puede acelerar el cambio climático.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ecología
Ciencias del clima
Ciencias del suelo

Sus antecedentes:

Los suelos tropicales almacenan una porción significativa del carbono global del suelo.
El calentamiento proyectado en las regiones tropicales puede desestabilizar esta reserva de carbono.
Las investigaciones anteriores carecían de datos experimentales sobre el calentamiento de los bosques tropicales.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar el impacto del calentamiento experimental en las emisiones de carbono del suelo de los bosques tropicales.
Para cuantificar la liberación de dióxido de carbono de los suelos tropicales calentados.

Principales métodos:

Calentamiento experimental in situ del suelo de las tierras bajas de los bosques tropicales en 4°C durante dos años.
Medición de las emisiones de dióxido de carbono (CO2) del suelo.
Análisis de las tasas de respiración, las actividades enzimáticas y la eficiencia del uso de carbono microbiano.

Principales resultados:

El calentamiento aumentó las emisiones de CO2 del suelo en un 55% en comparación con las temperaturas ambientales.
Este aumento representó una pérdida de 8,2 ± 4,2 toneladas de carbono por hectárea por año.
No se observó aclimatación de las tasas de respiración ni cambios en la actividad enzimática ni en la eficiencia microbiana del uso de carbono.

Conclusiones:

El carbono del suelo de los bosques tropicales es muy sensible al calentamiento.
La liberación de carbono inducida por el calentamiento podría crear una retroalimentación positiva sustancial al cambio climático.
El calentamiento experimental revela un mayor riesgo de pérdida de carbono de lo que se teorizó anteriormente.

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