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Fabricación aditiva de aerogeles de sílice

Shanyu Zhao¹, Gilberto Siqueira², Sarka Drdova^3,4

¹Laboratory for Building Energy Materials and Components, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Empa, Dübendorf, Switzerland. shanyu.zhao@empa.ch.

|August 21, 2020

Resumen

Los investigadores desarrollaron un método de escritura directa con tinta para imprimir en 3D objetos de aerogel de sílice en miniatura. Esta técnica supera la fragilidad y permite la fabricación precisa de aislamiento térmico avanzado y dispositivos funcionales.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ciencias de los materiales
Nanotecnología
Ingeniería Química

Sus antecedentes:

Los aerogeles de sílice ofrecen un aislamiento térmico excepcional debido a su conductividad térmica ultrabaja y estructura porosa.
Su fragilidad inherente y los desafíos de procesamiento limitan la miniaturización para aplicaciones avanzadas.
Los métodos actuales luchan con la fundición precisa de pequeños componentes de aerogel de sílice.

Objetivo del estudio:

Desarrollar un nuevo protocolo de fabricación aditiva para crear objetos de aerogel de sílice en miniatura.
Para superar las limitaciones del procesamiento tradicional de aerogel de sílice para aplicaciones a microescala.
Para demostrar la viabilidad de la impresión 3D de componentes funcionales de aerogel de sílice.

Principales métodos:

Se desarrolló un protocolo de escritura con tinta directa utilizando un polvo de aerogel de sílice y una suspensión de nanopartículas de sílice (sol).
La formulación de tinta exhibió propiedades de adelgazamiento de corte para una impresión precisa.
La gelación posterior a la impresión en una atmósfera de amoníaco facilitó la formación de aerogel.

Principales resultados:

Se fabricaron con éxito objetos de aerogel de sílice miniaturizados y puros con propiedades conservadas.
Los aerogeles impresos mantuvieron una conductividad térmica ultrabaja (15,9 mW m−1 K−1) y una superficie alta (751 m2 g−1).
Las nanopartículas funcionales se incorporaron fácilmente, y los objetos impresos mostraron potencial en gestión térmica y catálisis.

Conclusiones:

La escritura directa con tinta ofrece una ruta viable para miniaturizar aerogeles de sílice, superando las limitaciones de fabricación anteriores.
El protocolo desarrollado permite la producción de microestructuras de aerogel de sílice complejas y de alto rendimiento.
Este avance abre posibilidades para nuevas aplicaciones en micro-dispositivos, gestión térmica y remediación ambiental.

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