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El futuro de los alimentos del mar
Christopher Costello1,2, Ling Cao3, Stefan Gelcich4,5
1Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA. costello@bren.ucsb.edu.
Nature
|August 21, 2020
Resumen
La demanda mundial de alimentos está aumentando. La producción sostenible de alimentos oceánicos, incluidas las pesquerías silvestres y la maricultura, podría aumentar entre un 36 y un 74% para 2050, contribuyendo significativamente a las futuras necesidades de carne.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología marina
- La acuicultura sostenible
- Gestión de la pesca
Sus antecedentes:
- La creciente demanda mundial de alimentos requiere un aumento sostenible de la oferta.
- La expansión de la producción de alimentos en tierra pone en riesgo el cambio climático y la pérdida de biodiversidad.
- Las fuentes de alimentos de origen oceánico proporcionan actualmente sólo el 17% de la carne comestible.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Estimar el potencial de producción sostenible de fuentes de alimentos de origen oceánico para el año 2050.
- Analizar las contribuciones de la pesca silvestre, la maricultura de peces de aleta y la maricultura de bivalvos.
- Proyectar la producción futura de productos del mar bajo varios escenarios de demanda y oferta.
Principales métodos:
- Desarrollo de "curvas de suministro sostenibles" para los principales sectores de la alimentación marina.
- Incluir las limitaciones ecológicas, económicas, reglamentarias y tecnológicas.
- Superposición de las curvas de oferta con los escenarios de demanda proyectados para 2050.
Principales resultados:
- La producción sostenible de productos del mar podría aumentar entre 21 y 44 millones de toneladas para 2050 (aumento del 36-74%).
- Este aumento representa el 12-25% del aumento total estimado de la demanda mundial de carne.
- Se prevé que la maricultura muestre los aumentos de producción más significativos.
Conclusiones:
- La producción de alimentos basada en el océano ofrece un potencial sustancial para satisfacer la creciente demanda mundial de alimentos.
- La realización de este potencial de manera sostenible depende de las reformas políticas, los avances tecnológicos y los cambios en la demanda.
- Los aumentos sostenibles en la pesca y la maricultura son cruciales para la seguridad alimentaria futura.
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