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Enfermedades pandémicas emergentes: cómo llegamos al COVID-19

David M Morens¹, Anthony S Fauci¹

¹Office of the Director, National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.

|August 27, 2020

Resumen

Comprender el surgimiento de patógenos de los animales es clave para prevenir futuras pandemias. El estudio de las complejas interacciones entre humanos, animales, patógenos y el medio ambiente ayuda a controlar los brotes de enfermedades infecciosas.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ecología y Biología Evolutiva
Microbiología
Salud pública

Sus antecedentes:

Muchas enfermedades infecciosas en humanos y animales se originan a partir de patógenos en huéspedes animales.
Periódicamente surgen nuevas enfermedades infecciosas, que a veces conducen a pandemias como el COVID-19.
Las enfermedades establecidas también pueden reaparecer con una mayor transmisibilidad o patogenicidad.

Objetivo del estudio:

Comprender los complejos factores ecológicos que impulsan el surgimiento de enfermedades infecciosas.
Para identificar las variables cruciales para el control de futuros brotes de enfermedades devastadoras.

Principales métodos:

Análisis de la dinámica de emergencia de patógenos.
Modelado de sistemas ecológicos.
Revisión de los eventos históricos y actuales de enfermedades infecciosas.

Principales resultados:

La aparición de enfermedades es el resultado de equilibrios y desequilibrios ecológicos dinámicos.
Los ecosistemas globales que involucran a los seres humanos, los animales, los patógenos y el medio ambiente son clave.
Comprender estas interacciones es esencial para el control de la enfermedad.

Conclusiones:

El control de las futuras emergencias de enfermedades requiere una comprensión completa de las variables ecológicas.
Los enfoques interdisciplinarios son necesarios para predecir y mitigar los riesgos de pandemia.

Palabras clave:

El COVID-19 Una salud ecología de las enfermedades La epidemia enfermedad epizoótica Infección antecedentes médicos la pandemia Virología Enfermedad de las aves

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