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Las neuronas entéricas moduladas por la microbiota regulan autónomamente la glucosa en sangre

Paul A Muller¹, Fanny Matheis², Marc Schneeberger³

¹Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA. pmuller@rockefeller.edu mucida@rockefeller.edu.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|August 29, 2020

Resumen

La microbiota intestinal influye en las neuronas asociadas al intestino (iEAN), particularmente las neuronas CART + en el íleon y el colon. Estas neuronas regulan la alimentación y el metabolismo de la glucosa, impactando la glucosa en sangre independientemente del sistema nervioso central.

Área de la Ciencia:

La neurociencia
Gastroenterología
El metabolismo

Sus antecedentes:

La microbiota intestinal juega un papel crucial en la regulación de los procesos fisiológicos.
Las neuronas intrínsecas asociadas al intestino (iEAN) son parte integral del sistema nervioso intestinal e interactúan con el entorno intestinal.
Las adaptaciones funcionales de los iEAN a lo largo del tracto intestinal no se comprenden completamente.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar las adaptaciones funcionales de las iEAN a diferentes segmentos intestinales.
Para identificar subconjuntos neuronales específicos que responden a la colonización microbiana.
Para aclarar el papel de estas neuronas en la regulación del metabolismo y el comportamiento de alimentación.

Principales métodos:

Análisis comparativo de la capacidad de respuesta neuronal en los segmentos duodenal, ileal y colónico de ratones.
Identificación y caracterización de las neuronas CART+.
Investigación de las conexiones neuronales con el hígado y el páncreas a través de los ganglios prevertebrales.
Evaluación del metabolismo de la glucosa tras el agotamiento de la microbiota.

Principales resultados:

Las iEAN ileal y colónica muestran una mayor capacidad de respuesta a la colonización microbiana que las neuronas duodenales.
Un subconjunto de neuronas CART+ viscerofugas, abundante en el íleon y el colon, modula la alimentación y el metabolismo de la glucosa.
Estas neuronas CART+ están conectadas con el hígado y el páncreas.
El agotamiento de la microbiota causa una pérdida de neuronas CART+, dependientes de NLRP6 y caspasa 11, y afecta la regulación de la glucosa.

Conclusiones:

Los subconjuntos específicos de iEANs, particularmente las neuronas ileal y colon CART+, están funcionalmente adaptadas a la microbiota intestinal.
Estas neuronas juegan un papel importante en la regulación de la alimentación y la homeostasis de la glucosa.
Los iEAN pueden influir en los niveles de glucosa en sangre independientemente del control del sistema nervioso central.

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