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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Gastritis-I: Introduction and Types01:27

Gastritis-I: Introduction and Types

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Gastritis, defined by the inflammation or irritation of the stomach lining or gastric mucosa, manifests in several distinct forms: acute, chronic, reactive, and a specific subtype known as autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis.
Acute gastritis presents as a sudden inflammation triggered by various stressors to the stomach lining, such as exposure to corrosive agents, local irritants like aspirin and other NSAIDs, alcohol consumption, radiation therapy, physical trauma, severe burns, sepsis,...
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Gastritis III: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:23

Gastritis III: Clinical Manifestations and Management

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The clinical manifestations of gastritis can vary depending on the cause and type of gastritis, but some common symptoms may include the following.
Clinical manifestations of acute gastritis
The patient with acute gastritis may have a rapid onset of symptoms, such as epigastric pain or discomfort, dyspepsia, anorexia, hiccups, or nausea and vomiting, which can last from a few hours to a few days. Erosive or hemorrhagic gastritis may cause bleeding, which may manifest as blood in vomit or as...
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Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

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Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
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Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction01:21

Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction

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Barrett's esophagus is a medical condition where the esophageal mucosa is significantly damaged by stomach acid or other digestive fluids, often due to long-term exposure associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In GERD, a weakened or abnormally relaxed lower esophageal sphincter allows stomach acid to flow persistently into the esophagus.
This constant acid exposure transforms the esophagus's pink mucosal lining (stratified squamous epithelium) into a type of lining more...
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Gastric Phase of Digestion01:26

Gastric Phase of Digestion

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The gastric phase of digestion begins as soon as food enters the stomach. The incoming food bolus triggers neural and hormonal mechanisms, which last approximately 3 to 4 hours. During this phase, the stomach undergoes significant changes to prepare the food for further digestion and absorption.
When food enters the stomach, it stretches the stomach walls and activates stretch receptors. This triggers local reflexes of the enteric nervous system, mediated through the myenteric plexus. These...
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Peptic Ulcer Disease V: Surgical Management and Nursing Care01:25

Peptic Ulcer Disease V: Surgical Management and Nursing Care

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Surgical management and nursing care are crucial in treating Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD). Here is an organized and enhanced overview of the surgical interventions and the associated nursing care for PUD:
Surgical Interventions for Peptic Ulcer Disease
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A Randomized, Nivolumab-controlled, Phase 2 and Biomarker Study of Lomvastomig and Tobemstomig in Advanced or Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus.

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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Dec 10, 2025

Author Spotlight: Genetic Profiling for Fluorouracil Response in Gastric Cancer
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Author Spotlight: Genetic Profiling for Fluorouracil Response in Gastric Cancer

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Cáncer gástrico

Elizabeth C Smyth1, Magnus Nilsson2, Heike I Grabsch3

  • 1Department of Oncology, Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Hill's Road, Cambridge, UK.

Lancet (London, England)
|August 31, 2020
PubMed
Resumen

El cáncer gástrico, una de las principales causas de muerte por cáncer, se diagnostica a través de la biopsia y se escenifica con imágenes. El tratamiento abarca desde la resección endoscópica para las primeras etapas hasta la cirugía y la quimioterapia para la enfermedad avanzada.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • En el campo de la oncología
  • Gastroenterología

Sus antecedentes:

  • El cáncer gástrico es una preocupación significativa para la salud mundial, clasificándose como el quinto cáncer más común y la tercera causa de mortalidad por cáncer.
  • Los principales factores de riesgo incluyen la infección por Helicobacter pylori, la edad avanzada, la ingesta alta de sal y el bajo consumo de frutas y verduras.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Proporcionar una visión general del diagnóstico, estadificación y estrategias de tratamiento del cáncer gástrico.
  • Destacar la heterogeneidad del cáncer gástrico y los enfoques terapéuticos actuales.

Principales métodos:

  • El diagnóstico se basa en la confirmación histológica a través de la biopsia endoscópica.
  • La estadificación incluye técnicas de imagen como la TC, la ecografía endoscópica, la TEP y la laparoscopia.
  • Las estrategias de tratamiento se estratifican según la etapa del cáncer, incluida la resección endoscópica, la cirugía con linfadenectomía D2, la quimioterapia y las terapias dirigidas.

Principales resultados:

  • El cáncer gástrico temprano se trata principalmente con resección endoscópica.
  • La intervención quirúrgica para el cáncer gástrico no operable temprano requiere una linfadenectomía D2.
  • La quimioterapia perioperatoria o adyuvante mejora la supervivencia para los cánceres en estadio 1B o superiores.
  • El tratamiento avanzado del cáncer gástrico implica líneas de quimioterapia secuenciales, con una supervivencia media inferior a un año.
  • Las terapias dirigidas como trastuzumab, ramucirumab, nivolumab y pembrolizumab están aprobadas para subtipos específicos de cáncer gástrico y líneas de terapia.

Conclusiones:

  • El tratamiento del cáncer gástrico requiere un enfoque multimodal adaptado a la etapa de la enfermedad y a las características moleculares.
  • Los avances en quimioterapia y terapia dirigida ofrecen mejores resultados para el cáncer gástrico avanzado, aunque siguen existiendo desafíos.
  • Comprender la heterogeneidad del cáncer gástrico es crucial para optimizar las estrategias de tratamiento y mejorar la supervivencia del paciente.