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Diversidad y comportamiento prosocial

Delia Baldassarri1, Maria Abascal2

  • 1Department of Sociology, New York University, New York, NY 10012, USA. delia.b@nyu.edu.

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Diversidad étnica

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Sociología
  • Psicología social
  • Ciencias políticas

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las sociedades occidentales se enfrentan a una mayor diversidad étnica debido a la inmigración y la globalización.
  • La investigación tradicional a menudo examina el impacto de la diversidad en la confianza y el capital social.
  • La prosocialidad en sociedades diversas requiere extender el comportamiento más allá de la solidaridad dentro del grupo.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Explorar las condiciones en las que la diversidad étnica fomenta la cohesión social.
  • Diferenciar entre la solidaridad dentro del grupo y la prosocialidad más amplia.
  • Identificar las características sociales que promueven las interacciones constructivas entre grupos.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis conceptual de la cohesión social en diversas sociedades.
  • Identificación de las principales características de la sociedad (diferenciación social, interdependencia económica).
  • Examen del papel de las posiciones sociales de las minorías/inmigrantes y de la inclusión institucional.

Principales resultados:

  • La cohesión social en las sociedades multiétnicas depende del comportamiento prosocial que trasciende las fronteras del grupo.
  • La diferenciación social y la interdependencia económica pueden facilitar las interacciones positivas con otras personas diferentes.
  • La adaptación social a la diversidad depende de la integración de las minorías en las estructuras sociales y los sistemas políticos.

Conclusiones:

  • La integración efectiva en sociedades diversas requiere una prosocialidad más allá de las redes estrechas.
  • Las estructuras sociales y los acuerdos institucionales son fundamentales para la gestión de la diversidad étnica.
  • Los resultados positivos de la diversidad dependen de un posicionamiento social y económico inclusivo.