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¿Puede la democracia trabajar para los pobres?
1Department of Economics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 5, 2020
Resumen
Muchos de los más pobres del mundo viven en democracias pero no pueden usar su voto para acabar con la pobreza. La mejora de las instituciones democráticas es clave para que las personas económicamente vulnerables aboguen por políticas redistributivas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias políticas
- Economía del desarrollo
- Políticas públicas
Sus antecedentes:
- Millones de personas empobrecidas residen en democracias de ingresos medios.
- A pesar de las estructuras democráticas, la redistribución progresiva para aliviar la pobreza sigue siendo insuficiente.
- Los sistemas democráticos existentes pueden no empoderar adecuadamente a las personas económicamente vulnerables.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar las intervenciones destinadas a mejorar las instituciones democráticas para la reducción de la pobreza.
- Explorar estrategias para empoderar a las poblaciones vulnerables para influir en las políticas redistributivas.
- Para abordar el "problema de la democracia" que obstaculiza la influencia política de los pobres.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de la literatura sobre las intervenciones dirigidas a las instituciones democráticas y la pobreza.
- Análisis de la "captura-22 de la democracia" en el contexto de la redistribución progresiva.
- Examen de cómo las poblaciones vulnerables pueden aumentar su influencia sobre los representantes.
Principales resultados:
- La ayuda directa es insuficiente; es necesaria una reforma institucional para lograr una reducción sostenible de la pobreza.
- El empoderamiento de las personas económicamente vulnerables requiere mejorar su capacidad para participar en los procesos democráticos.
- El "democracia catch-22" pone de relieve el desafío de aumentar la influencia dentro de los sistemas políticos inclinados.
Conclusiones:
- La reducción efectiva de la pobreza en las democracias requiere el fortalecimiento de los marcos institucionales.
- Las intervenciones deben centrarse en el fortalecimiento de la voz política de las personas económicamente vulnerables.
- Superar la "captura-22 de la democracia" es crucial para lograr una distribución equitativa de los recursos.
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