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Las viperinas procariotas producen diversas moléculas antivirales
Aude Bernheim1, Adi Millman1, Gal Ofir1
1Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
Nature
|September 16, 2020
Resumen
La viperina, una proteína antiviral, se origina en bacterias y arqueas. Produce nucleótidos modificados que inhiben la replicación viral, revelando compuestos naturales en los sistemas inmunológicos bacterianos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La bioquímica
- Virología
- Microbiología
Sus antecedentes:
- La viperina es una proteína inducida por el interferón y conservada en animales.
- Inhibe la replicación viral mediante la producción de 3'-deoxy-3',4'-didehydro-cytidine triphosphate (ddhCTP), un terminador de cadena para la ARN polimerasa viral.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar el origen evolutivo de la víbora eucariota.
- Para caracterizar los mecanismos antivirales de las viperinas procariotas.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis filogenético para rastrear los orígenes evolutivos de las viperinas.
- Ensayos bioquímicos para identificar los ribonucleótidos modificados producidos por las viperinas procarióticas.
- Experimentos in vitro para evaluar la actividad antiviral de las viperinas procariotas contra el fago T7.
Principales resultados:
- La viperina eucariota evolucionó a partir de un clado de proteínas bacterianas y arqueas involucradas en la defensa de los fagos.
- Las viperinas procariotas producen una gama de ribonucleótidos modificados, incluido el ddhCTP, el trifosfato de ddh-guanosina (ddhGTP) y el trifosfato de ddh-uridina (ddhUTP).
- Las viperinas procarióticas inhiben la infección del fago T7 al interferir con la transcripción dependiente de la polimerasa viral.
Conclusiones:
- La viperina tiene orígenes antiguos en los sistemas de defensa antiviral procariotas.
- Las viperinas procariotas comparten un mecanismo antiviral similar con sus contrapartes eucariotas.
- Estos hallazgos resaltan el potencial de los compuestos antivirales naturales derivados de los sistemas inmunológicos bacterianos.
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